The Effects of Freeze-Dried Potato Flour Addition on the Fermentation Characteristics of Yogurt

감마선 조사된 감자분말 첨가가 요구르트의 발효특성에 미치는 영향

  • 안병용 (익산대학교 약재개발과) ;
  • 김동한 (목포대학교 식품영양학 전공) ;
  • 최동성 (우석대학교 의약생명공학과)
  • Published : 2004.12.01

Abstract

This study was performed to characterize the mechanism of the acceleration of lactic acid fermentation in milk incubated with potato flour irradiated by ${\gamma}$-ray and two types of lactobacillus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophillus, and to examine its effect on the quality of yogurt by assessing the acidity of lactic acid, viscosity, free amino acid, and sensory. In lactic acid fermented in the presence of 0.5% (w/w) potato flour, its acidity was higher, its pH was lower, and its viscosity was increased than lactic acid fermented in the absence of potato flour. In the sample fermented with the mixture of S. thermophillus and L. bulgaricus, the acid production rate was highest. In the samples fermented with a single type of bacteria, the acid production rate of S. thermophillus was higher than that the L. bulgaricus. Fermented a single type of bacteria with potato flour, the lysine utilization rate of L. bulgaricus and S. thermophillus was high. L. bulgaricus produced a large quantity of glutamic acid whereas S. thermophillus consumed glutamic acid. In sensory evaluation of yogurt fermented with potato flour, the preference of texture was improved while its color, taste, flavor, and overall preference were decreased. The data suggest that L. bulgaricus stimulates the growth of S. thermophillus by providing free glutamic acid that is required by S. thermophillus and thus the addition of potato flour shortens the fermentation period of yogurt.

우유에 감자분말을 첨가하여 2종의 Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Streptococus thermophillus 젖산균을 혼합하여 배양할 경우 젖산발효가 어떤 메카니즘에 의해 촉진되며 요구르트의 품질에 미치는 영향을 조사코자 젖산균의 산생성 능력과, 요구르트의 점도, 유리아미노산 및 관능검사를 하였다. 0.5%(w/w) 감자분말을 첨가하여 배양한 젖산발효의 경우 무 첨가군에 비하여 산도는 높았고, pH는 낮았으며 점도는 증가되었다. Streptococus thermophillus와 Lactobacillus bulgaricus를 혼합배양한 경우 산의 생성은 가장 높았으며, 각각의 균을 단독 배양 시에는 S. thermophillus가 L. bulgaricus보다 산 생성도가 높았다. 감자분말을 첨가하여 각각의 균을 배양한 경우 L. bulgaricus와 S. thermophiilus 균주에서 모두 lysine의 이용률은 높았으며, L. bulgaricus는 glutamic acid를 다량 생성한 반면, S. thermophillus는 glutamic acid를 소모하였다. 감자분말을 첨가한 요구르트 관능평가에서 조직감은 향상되었고, 색, 맛, 후미 및 전체적인 기호도는 다소 저하되었다. 이상의 결과로부터 L. bulgaricus는 S. thermophillus 균주가 요구하는 유리 glutamic acid을 공급함으로써 S. thermophiilus의 생육이 촉진되어 감자분말 첨가 요구르트의 발효기간을 단축시킨 것으로 사료된다.

Keywords

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