Major Factors Affecting PM2.5 Water Content in Seoul and Gosan

서울과 고산의 미세입자 수분함량에 영향을 미치는 주요 인자

  • 최은경 (이화여자대학교 환경학과) ;
  • 김용표 (이화여자대학교 환경학과)
  • Published : 2004.12.01

Abstract

Water contents in fine particles at Seoul and Gosan are estimated by using a gas/particle equilibrium model, SCAPE (Simulating Composition of Atmospheric Particles at Equilibrium). Also, sensitivity of particulate inorganic ionic concentrations on the total ionic species is estimated. Water content at Gosan is more sensitive to ambient relative humidity (RH) than Seoul. At both sites water content is most sensitive to sulfate concentration among sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium. Solid salts levels and compositions are also studied.

Keywords

References

  1. 박세옥, 백남준, 김용표, 문길주, 김영성 (1994) 1980-1993년 기간의 서울의 시정 추이, 한국대기보전학회, 10(3), 203-208
  2. 백남준, 김태오, 김용표, 문걸주 (1994) 시정장애 현상 원인과 그 규명방법- 수도권 지역의 시정장애 현상 연구를 위하여, 한국대기보전학회지, 10(1), 1-23
  3. 윤순창, 이강웅(1998) 서울지역의 시정 장애 요인에 관한연구, 한국대기보전학회지, 14(3),229-235
  4. Baik, N.J., Y.P. Kim, and K.C. Moon (1996) Visibility study in Seoul, 1993, Atmos. Environ., 30, 2319-2328
  5. Blanchard , C.L. and G.M. Hidy (2003) Effects of changes in sulfate, ammonia, and nitric acid on particulate nitrate concentrations in the southeastern United States, J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc., 53, 283-290
  6. Kang, C.M. (2003) Characteristics of the fine particles and source apportionments using the CMS model in Seoul area, Ph.D. Thesis, Konkuk University, Seoul
  7. Kim, Y.P., J.H. Seinfeld, and P. Saxena (1993a) Atmospheric gas-aerosol equilibrium I. Thermodynamic modeI, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 19, 157-181.
  8. Kim, Y.P., J.H. Seinfeld, and P. Saxena (1993b) Atmospheric gas-aerosol equilibrium II. Analysis of Common approximations and activity coefficient calculation methods, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 19, 182-198
  9. Kim, Y.P. and J.H. Seinfeld (1995) Atmospheric gas-aerosol equilibrium III. Thermodynamics of Crustal Elements $Ca^{2+}, K^+, Mg^{2+}$, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 22, 93-110
  10. Lee, J.H. , Y.P. Kim, K.C. Moon, H.K. Kim, and e.B. Lee (2001) Fine particle measurements at two background sites in Korea between 1996 and 1997, Atmos. Environ., 35, 635-643
  11. Maim, W.C. and D.E. Day (2001) Estimate of aerosol species scattering characteristics as a function of relative humidity , Atmos. Environ., 35, 2845-2860
  12. Meng, Z., J.H. Seinfeld, P. Saxena, and Y.P. Kim (1995a) Contribution of water to particulate mass in the south coast air basin , Aerosol Sci. Techno!., 22, 111-123
  13. Meng, Z., J.H. Seinfeld , P. Saxena , Y.P. Kim (1995b) Atmo spheric gas-aerosol equilibrium: IV. Thermody namics of carbonates, Aerosol Sci. Technol, 23, 131-154
  14. Meng, Z., D. Dabdub, and J.H. Seinfeld (1998) Size-resolved and chemically resolved model of atmospheric aerosol dynamics, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 3419-3435.
  15. Park, M.H., Y.P. Kim, and C.H. Kang (2004) Aerosol composition change due to dust storm: measurements between 1992 and 1999 at Gosan , Korea, J. Geophys. Res. 109(DI9S13): doi:IO.1029/2003JD004110
  16. Pathak, R.K., X. Yao, A.K.H. Lau, and C.K. Chan (2004) Sampling artifacts of acidity and ionic species in $PM_{2.5}$, Environ. Sci. Technol. 38, 254-259
  17. Seinfeld, J.H. and S.N. Pandis (1998) Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics from Air Pollution to Climate Change. Wiley Interscience., New York. 507-519;523-541
  18. Sloane ,C.S. (1984) Optical properties of aerosols of mixed composition, Atmos. Environ., 18,871-878
  19. Wexler, A.S. and J.H. Seinfeld (1991) Second generation inorganic aerosol model, Atmos. Environ., 25A, 2731-2748