Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering (한국정밀공학회지)

Korean Society for Precision Engineering (한국정밀공학회)
권호 표지

Effect of Contact Area on Friction and Wear Behavior in Atomic Force Microscope

원자 현미경을 이용한 접촉 면적에 따른 마찰 및 마멸 특성 분석

  • 최덕현 (포항공과대학교 기계공학과 대학원) ;
  • 황운봉 (포항공과대학교 기계공학과)
  • Published : 2004.12.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Recently, it has been reported that frictional behavior at nanometer scale can be different from that at macro scale. In this article, friction and wear tests were conducted using an AFM to investigate the effect of real contact area on the coefficient of friction and wear property. SiO$_2$, Hica, and SiGe were used in friction test and the AFM tip was Si$_3$N$_4$. The real contact area between an AFM tip and flat surface was calculated by the Johnson-Kendall-Roberts (JKR) theory. Wear specimen was Mica, and the diamond tip was used. We found that the coefficient of friction is constant below a critical area, but it is degraded over the area. Moreover, it is found that wear depth increased rapidly from a certain load and was degraded as a function of the number of the scanning cycles. Also, the range of scanning velocity used in this study had little effect on the wear depth.

Keywords

References

  1. Holmberg, K., 'Reliability aspects of tribology,' Tribology, Vol. 34, pp. 801-808, 2001 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-679X(01)00078-0
  2. Bowden, F. P. and Tabor, D. F., The Friction and Lubrication of Solids, Clarendon, Oxford, 1950
  3. Bhushan, B., Handbook of Micro/Nano Tribology, CRC, 1999
  4. Friedrich, K., Friction and Wear of Polymer Composites, E.S.P.C, Vol. 1, 1986
  5. Suh, N. P., Tribophysics, PRENTICE-HALL, 1986
  6. Binnig, G., Quate, C. F. and Gerber, C., 1986, 'Atomic Force Microscope,' Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 56, pp.930-933 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.56.930
  7. Mate, C. M., MaClelland, G. M., Erlandsson, R. and Chiang, S., 1987, 'Atomic-Scale Friction of a Tungsten Tip on a Graphite Surface,' Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 59,pp. 1942-1945 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.59.1942
  8. Meyrer, G. and Amer, N. M., 1990, 'Simultaneous Measurement of Lateral and Normal Forces with an Optical-Beam-Deflection Atomic Force Microscopy: the NaCl (011) Surface,' Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 57, pp. 2089-2091 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.103950
  9. Tabor, D. and Winterton, R. H. S., 'The Direct Measurement of Normal and Retarded van der Waals Forces,' Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser A, Vol. 312, pp. 435-450, 1969 https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1969.0169
  10. Israelachvili, J. N., McGuiggan, P. M. and Homola, A. M., 'Dynamic properties of molecularly thin liquid films,' Science, Vol. 240, pp. 189-190, 1988 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.240.4849.189
  11. Homoloa, A. M, Israelachvili, J. N., McGuiggan, P. M. and Gee, M. L., 'Fundamental experimental studies in tribology: The transition from 'Interfacial' friction of undamaged molecularly smooth surfaces to 'Normal' friction with wear,' Wear, Vol. 136, pp. 65-83, 1990 https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1648(90)90072-I
  12. Hurtado, J. A. and Kim, K. S., 'Scale effects in friction of single-asperity contacts. I. From concurrent slip to single-dislocation-assisted slip,' Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser A, Vol. 455, pp. 3363-3384, 1999 https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1999.0455
  13. Bhushan, B. and Sundararajan, S., 'Micro/nanoscale friction and wear mechanisms of thin films using atomic force and friction force microscopy,' Acta. Mater., Vol. 46, pp. 3793-3804, 1998 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6454(98)00062-7
  14. Carpick, R. W., Agrait, N., Ogletree, D. F. and Salmeron, M., 'Measurement of interfacial shear (friction) with an ultrahigh vacuum atomic force microscope,' J. Vac. Sci. Technol., Vol. 14, pp. 1289-1295, 1996 https://doi.org/10.1116/1.589083
  15. Carpick, R. W., Agrait, N., Ogletree, D. F. and Salmeron, M., 'Variation of the interfacial shear strength and adhesion of a nanometer-sized contact,' Langmuir, Vol. 12, pp. 3334-3340, 1996 https://doi.org/10.1021/la9509007
  16. Carpick, R. W., Olgetree, D. F. and Salmeron, M., 'A general equation for fitting contact area and friction vs load measurements,' J. Colloid. Interf. Sci., Vol. 211, pp. 395-400, 1999 https://doi.org/10.1006/jcis.1998.6027
  17. Lantz, M. A., O'Shea, S. J. and Welland, M. E., 'Atomic-force-microscope study of contact area and friction on ' Phys. Rev. B, Vol. 55, pp. 10776-10785, 1997 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.55.10776
  18. Lutz, M. A., Feenstra, R. M. and Chu, J. O., 'Atomic force microscopy studies of SiGe films and Si/SiGe heterostructures,' J. Res. Develop., Vol. 39, pp. 629-637, 1995 https://doi.org/10.1147/rd.396.0629
  19. Johnson, K. L., Kendal, K. and Roberts, A. D., 'Surface energy and the contact of elastic solids,' Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, Vol. 324, pp. 301-313, 1971 https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1971.0141
  20. Hertz, H., 'Uber die Beruhrung fester elastischer Korper,' J. Reine Angew. Math., Vol. 92, pp. 156-171, 1881
  21. Israelachvili, J. N., Fundamentals of Friction; Singer, I. L., Pollock, H. M., Ed., Kluwer: Dordrecht, pp. 351, 1992
  22. Maugis, D., 'Extension of the Johnson-Kendall-Roberts theory of the elastic contact of spheres to large contact radii,' Langmuir, Vol. 11, pp. 679-682, 1995 https://doi.org/10.1021/la00002a055
  23. Kim, T. M., 'Influence of substrates on the elastic reaction of films for the microindentation tests,' Thin Solid Films, Vol. 283, pp. 12-16, 1996 https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6090(95)08498-3