Sulfuric Acid Dissolution of Carriers for Recovering Platinum from the Spent Petroleum Catalysts

석유 폐촉매로부터 백금 회수를 위한 담체의 황산용해

  • 이재천 (한국지질자원연구원, 자원활용소재연구부) ;
  • 정진기 (한국지질자원연구원, 자원활용소재연구부) ;
  • 김병수 (한국지질자원연구원, 자원활용소재연구부) ;
  • 김민석 (한국지질자원연구원, 자원활용소재연구부) ;
  • 조영수 (한국자원재생공사)
  • Published : 2004.02.01

Abstract

Spent catalysts containing platinum were generated in petroleum refinery and other chemical industries. The reclamation of platinum metals from such wastes has long been attempted in view of their rare, expensive and indispensable nature. In this study, the recovery of platinum from petroleum catalysts was attempted by a method consisting mainly of dissolving alumina carrier with sulfuric acid thereby concentrating insoluble platinum. Also, platinum dissolved partially in sulfuric acid was recovered by a cementation method using aluminum metal as a reductive agent. The effect of temperature, time, concentration of sulfuric acid, and pulp density on the dissolution of carrier was investigated. When the carrier of platinum catalyst was $\Upsilon-Al_2$O$_3$ about 95% alumina was dissolved in 6.0 M sulfuric acid at $100^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours. When the carrier was the mixture of $\Upsilon-Al_2$$O_3$ and $\alpha$-$Al_2$$O_3$ about 92% was dissolved after 4 hours. As a result, more than 99% of platinum could be recovered by this method and aluminum sulfate was also obtained as byproduct.

백금을 함유하고 있는 폐촉매가 정유공장과 화학공장에서 발생하고 있다. 백금은 고가일 뿐만 아니라 희귀하고 뛰어난 물성으로 인하여 오래 전부터 회수대상이 되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 알루미나로 구성된 폐촉매의 담체를 황산으로 용해하여 불용성 백금을 농축하는 방법으로 석유 폐촉매로부터 백금을 회수하고자 하였다. 황산에 일부 용해된 백금은 알루미늄을 환원제로 사용하는 세멘테 이션법으로 회수되었다. 온도, 시간, 황산농도, 광액농도 등이 담체의 용해에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 담체가 $\Upsilon-Al_2$$O_3$로 구성된 폐 촉매를 6.0 M $H_2$$SO_4$ 용액으로 $100^{\circ}C$에서 2시간 동안 용해하였을 때 알루미나의 용해율은 약 95% 정도이었다. 담체가 $\Upsilon-Al_2$O$_3$$\alpha$-$Al_2$O$_3$의 혼합물로 구성되어 있는 경우, 4시간 용해하였을 때 약 92%의 알루미나가 용해하였다. 담체를 황산으로 용해한 다음 백금을 회수하는 방법을 이용하여 석유 폐촉매로부터 99% 이상의 백금을 회수할 수 있었으며 동시에 황산알루미늄을 부산물로 얻었다.

Keywords

References

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