POCS에 기반한 3D 메쉬 모델 워터마킹

3D Mesh Model Watermarking Based on POCS

  • 이석환 (경북대학교 대학원 전자공학과) ;
  • 권기룡 (부산대학교 컴퓨터전자공학부) ;
  • 이건일 (경북대학교 대학원 전자공학과)
  • 발행 : 2004.11.01

초록

본 논문에서는 POSC 기반의 3D 메쉬 워터마킹 방법을 제안하였다. 제안한 방법에서는 3D 메쉬를 두 가지의 제약 조건 집합으로 수렴 조건을 만족할 때까지 반복 투영한다. 이들 집합은 워터마크를 삽입하기 위한 강인성 집합 및 비가시성 집합으로 구성된다. 원 모델없이 워터마크를 추출하기 위하여 제안한 방법에서는 워터마크가 삽입되는 위치 정보 및 결정치를 이용한다. 실험 결과로부터 제안한 방법이 메쉬 간단화, 절단, 아핀 변환, 및 랜덤 잡음 첨가 등의 공격에 우수한 강인성을 가짐을 확인하였다.

In this paper, we proposed the 3D mesh watermarking using projection onto convex sets (POCS). 3D mesh is projected iteratively onto two constraint convex sets until it satisfy the convergence condition. These sets consist of the robustness set and the invisibility set that designed to embed watermark Watermark is extracted without original mesh by using the decision values and the index that watermark is embedded. Experimental results verified that the watermarked mesh have the robustness against mesh simplification, cropping, affine transformation, and vertex randomization as well as the invisibility.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Y. Yang, N. P. Galatsanos, A. K. Katsaggelos, 'Regularized Reconstruction to Reduce Blocking Artifacts of Block Discrete Cosine Transform Compressed Images,' IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems for Video Tech., vol. 3, no. 6, Dec. 1993
  2. Y. Yang, and N. P. Galatsanos, 'Pro-jection-Based Spatially Adapdve Recon-struction of Block-Transform Compressed Images,' IEEE Trans. on Image Processing, vol. 4, no. 7, July 1995
  3. Z. Sun, A. M. TekalP, N. Navab, and V Ramesh, 'Interactive Optimization of 3D Shape and 2D Corresponding Using Multiple Geometric Constraints via POCS,' IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 24, no. 4, April 2002
  4. R. Ohbuchi, H. Masuda, and M. Aono, 'Watermarking Three-Dimensional Poly- gonal Models Through Geometric and Topological Modification,' IEEE JSAC, pp. 551-560, 1998
  5. R. Ohbuchi, S. Takahashi, T. Miyazawa, and A. Mukaiyama, 'Watermarking 3D Polygonal Meshes in the Mesh Spectral Domain,' Proc. Graphics Interface 2001, pp. 9-17, 2001
  6. O. Benedens, 'Geometry-Based Water-marking of 3D Models,' IEEE CG&A, pp. 46-55, Jan./Feb. 1999
  7. O. Benedens, 'Two high capacity methods for embeddmg public water- marks into 3D polygonal models,' SPIE: Security and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents, pp.329-340, 1999
  8. S. Kanai, H. Date, and T. Kishinami, 'Digital Watermarking for 3D Polygons using Multiresolution Wavelet Decomposition,' Proc. Sixth IFIP WG 5.2 GE0-6, pp. 296-307, Dec. 1998
  9. E. Praun, H. Hoppe, A. Finkelstein, 'Robust Mesh Watermarkmg,' Proc. SIGGRAPH 99, pp. 49-56, 1999
  10. M. G. Wagner, 'Robust Watermarking of Polygonal Meshes,' Proc. Geometric Modeling & Processing 2000, pp. 201-208, Apr. 2000
  11. B-L. Yeo and M. M. Yeung, 'Water-marking 3D Objects for Verification,' IEEE CG&G, pp. 36-45, Jan./Feb. 1999
  12. H. S. Song, N. I. Cho, and J. W. Kim, 'Robust Watermarking of 3D Mesh Models,' Multimedia Signal Processing, 2002 IEEE Workshop, pp 2002
  13. L. Zhang, R. Tong, F. Su, and J. Dong, 'A mesh watermarking approach for appearance attributes,' Computer Graphics and Applications, 2002. Proceedings. l0th Pacific Conference, pp. 450-451, Oct. 2002
  14. S. Lee, T. Kim, B. Kim, S. Kwon, K. Kwon, and K. Lee, '3D Polygonal Meshes Watermarking Using Normal Vector Distributions,' IEEE International Conference on Multimedia & Expo, Vol. III. pp. 105-108. July, 2003
  15. K. Kwon, S. Kwon, S. Lee, T. Kim, and K. Lee, 'Watermarking for 3D Polygonal Meshes Using Normal Vector Distri- butions of Each Patch,' IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, Sep, 2003
  16. T. Kanai, MeshToSS Version 1.0.1, http://graphics.sfc.keio.ac.jP/MeshToSS/indexE. html