Ocean and Polar Research

  • 제26권2호
  • /
  • Pages.207-218
  • /
  • 2004
  • /
  • 1598-141X(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2234-7313(eISSN)
한국해양과학기술원 (Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

서태평양 Lomilik 해저산 퇴적환경 특성

Geophysical and Sedimentological Characteristics of Lomilik Seamount, West Pacific

  • 이현복 (한국해양연구원 해양자원연구본부) ;
  • 오재경 (인하대학교 해양과학과) ;
  • 박정기 (한국해양연구원 해양자원연구본부) ;
  • 지상범 (한국해양연구원 해양자원연구본부) ;
  • 김종욱 (한국해양연구원 해양자원연구본부) ;
  • 문재운 (한국해양연구원 해양자원연구본부) ;
  • 남상헌 (한국해양연구원 극지연구소)
  • 발행 : 2004.06.30
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

Lomilik Seamount in the west Pacific was seismically surveyed and photographed to illuminate the bottom topography, the condition of manganese crust, and the characteristics of sedimentary environment. Lomilik Seamount has a NW-SE elongated bottom topography with steep slopes in the NESW direction part. Even though the steep slopes of the seamount are devoid of deposits, the summit area and gentle slope of the seamount are covered with thick deposits. The seismic data indicate that Lomilik Seamount is a flat-topped and step-faulted guyot of volcanic origin. Deep-sea camera photographs show that much of the seafloor is rippled in symmetrical and asymmetrical patterns. The traces of biological activity were distinct on gentle seafloor suggesting the low-energy bottom conditions. Some photographs also show outcrops encrusted with manganese crusts. Sedimentary environments in the Lomilik Seamount appear have been governed by regional morphology and strong bottom current.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Aplin, A.C. and D.S. Cronan. 1985. Ferromanganese oxide deposits from the central Pacific Ocean. I. Encrustation from the Line Islands Archipelago. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 49, 427-436. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(85)90034-1
  2. Banaker, V.K. and D.V. Borole. 1991. Depth profiles of $^{230}Th_{excess}$, transition metal and mineralogy of ferromanganeseI crusts of the central Indian basin and implications for paleoceanographic influence on crust genesis. Chem. Geol., 94, 33-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(10)80015-4
  3. Bogdanov, Y.A., O.Y. Bogdanova, A.V. Dubinin, A. Gorand, A.L. Gorshkov, E.G. Gurvich, A.B. Isaeva, G.V. Ivanov, L.F. Jansa, and A. Monaco. 1995. Composition of ferromanganese crusts and nodules at northwestern Pacific guyots and geologic and paleoceanographic considerations. Proc. ODP. Sci. Results, 144, 745-768.
  4. Chabaux, F., R.K. O'Nions, A.S. Cohen, and J.R. Hein. 1997. $^{238}U-^{234}U-^{230}Th$ disequilibrium in hydrogenous oceanic Fe-Mn crusts: Paleoceanographic record or diagenetic alterations? Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta., 61, 3619-3632. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(97)00187-7
  5. Clark, A.L., P. Humprey, C.J. Johnson, and D.K. Pak. 1985. Cobalt-rich manganese crust potential (Exclusive Economic Zones: U.S. Trust and Affiliated Territories in the Pacific). OCS Study MMS 85-0006, U.S. Mineral Management Service, California. 35 p.
  6. Davis, A.S., M.S. Pringle, L.B. Pichthorn, D.A. Clague, and W.C. Schwab. 1989. Petrology and age of alkalic lava from the Ratak chain of the Marshall Islands. J. Geophys. Res., 94, 5757-5774. https://doi.org/10.1029/JB094iB05p05757
  7. De Carlo, E.H. and G.M. McMurtry. 1992. Rare earth element geochemistry of ferromanganese crusts from the Hawaiian Archipelago, Central Pacific. Chem. Geol., 95, 235-250. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(92)90014-V
  8. Duncan, R.A. and D.A. Clague. 1985. Pacific plate motion recorded by linear volcanic chains. p. 89-121. In: The ocean basins and margins. Vol. 7A, ed. by A.E. Nairn et al., Plenum, New York
  9. Gross, M.G. and J.I. Tracey Jr. 1966. Oxygen and carbon isotopic composition of limestones and dolomites, Bikini and Eniwetok atolls. Science, 151, 1082-1084. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.151.3714.1082
  10. Guichard, F., J.L. Reyss, and Y. Yokoyama. 1978. Growth rate of manganese nodule measured with $^{10}Be$ and $^{26}Al$. Nature, 272, 155-156. https://doi.org/10.1038/272155a0
  11. Halbach, P., U. Hebisch, and C. Scherhag. 1981. Geochemical variations of ferromanganese nodules and crusts from different provinces of the Pacific Ocean and their genetic control. Chem. Geol., 34, 3-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(81)90067-X
  12. Halbach, P., F.T. Manheim, and P. Otten. 1982. Co-rich ferromanganese deposits in the marginal seamount regions of the Central Pacific Basin - Results of Midpac '81. Erzmetall, 35, 447-453.
  13. Halbach, P. and D. Puteanus. 1984. The influence of the carbonate dissolution rate on the growth and composition of Co-rich ferromanganese crusts from Central Pacific seamount areas. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 68, 73-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(84)90141-9
  14. Halbach, P., D. Puteanus, and F.T. Manheim. 1984. Platinum concentrations in ferromanganese seamount crusts from the Central Pacific. Naturwissenschaften, 71, 577-579. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01189182
  15. Hamilton, E.L. 1956. Sunken islands of the Mid-Pacific Mountains. Mem. Geol. Soc. Am., 64-97.
  16. Hancock, J.M. and E.G. Kauffman. 1979. The great transgressions of the late Cretaceous. J. Geol. Soc. London, 136, 175-186. https://doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.136.2.0175
  17. Hein, J.R., F.T. Manhein, W.C. Schwab, and A.S. Davis. 1985. Ferromanganese crusts from Necker ridge, Horizon guyot and S.P. Lee guyot: geological considerations. Mar. Geol., 69, 25-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(85)90132-X
  18. Hein, J.R., L.A. Morgenson, D.A. Clague, and R.A. Koski. 1987. Cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts from the Exclusive Economic Zone of the United States and nodules from the oceanic Pacific. 6, p. 753-771. In Geology and Resources Potential of the Continental Margin of Western North America and Adjacent Ocean Basins-Beaufort Sea to Baja California, ed. by D.W. Scholl et al., Circum-Pacific Council for Energy and Mineral Resources, Earth Science Series, Houston, Texas.
  19. Hein, J.R., W.C. Schwab, and A.S. Davis. 1988. Cobalt- and Platinum- rich ferromanganese and associated substrate rocks from the Marshall Islands. Mar. Geol., 78, 255-283. https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(88)90113-2
  20. Hein, J.R., H. Kirschenbaum, W.C. Schwab, A. Usui, J.E. Taggart, K.C. Stewart, A.S. Davis, S. Terashima, P.J. Quinterno, R.L. Olson, L.G. Picjthorn, M.S. Schultz, and C.L. Morgan. 1990. Mineralogy and geochemistry of Co-rich ferromanganese crusts and substrate rocks from Karin Ridge and Johnston Island, Farnella Cruise F7-86-HW. U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 90-298. 80 p.
  21. Huh, C.A. 1988. Thorium-Protactinium age dating of ferromanganese crusts. Acta Oceanogr. Taiwan., 20, 95-106.
  22. Ingram, B.L., J.R. Hein, and G.L. Farmer. 1990. Age determinations and growth rates of Pacific ferromanganese deposits using strontium isotopes. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta., 54, 1709-1721. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(90)90402-7
  23. Jackson, E.D. and S.O. Schlanger. 1976. Regional syntheses, Line Islands Chain, Tuomato Island Chain, and Manihiki Plateau, Central Pacific Ocean. p. 915-927. In: Init. Repts. DSDP, 33. U.S. Govt. Printing Office, Washington.
  24. Jordan, T.H., H.W. Menard, and D.K. Smith. 1983. Density and size distribution of seamounts in the Eastern Pacific inferred from wide-beam sounding data. J. Geophy. Res., 88, 508-518.
  25. KORDI. 1998. Cruise report for Leg KODOS 97-4 republic of the Marshall Islands. 140 p.
  26. Koschinsky, A., P. Halbach, J.R. Hein, and A. Mangini. 1996. Ferromanganese crusts as indicators for paleoceanographic events in the NE Atlantic. Geol. Rundsch, 85, 567-576. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02369011
  27. Kraemer, T. and J.C. Schornick. 1974. Comparison of elemental accumulation rates between ferromanganese deposits and sediments in the south Pacific Ocean. Chem. Geol., 13, 187-196. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(74)90019-9
  28. Ku, T.L., M. Kusakabe, D.E. Nelson, J.R. Southon, R.G. Korteling, J. Vogel, and I. Nowikow. 1982. Constancy of oceanic deposition of $^{10}Be$ as recorded in manganese crusts. Nature, 299, 240-242. https://doi.org/10.1038/299240a0
  29. Levin, L.A. and C.A. Nittrouer. 1987. Textural characteristics of sediments on deep seamounts in the eastern pacific ocean between $10^{o}N$ and $30^{o}N$. p. 187-203. In: Seamounts, Islands, and Atolls. eds. by H. Barbara et al., Geophys. Monogr. Ser. 43, American Geophysical Union.
  30. Lincoln, J.M., M.S. Pringle, and P. Silva. 1993. Early and Late Cretaceous volcanism and reef-building in the Marshall Island. p. 279-305. In: The Mesozoic Pacific. eds. by M.S. Pringle et al., Geophys. Monogr. Ser. 77, American Geophysical Union.
  31. Ling, H.F., K.W. Burton, R.K. O'Nions, B.S. Kamber, F. von Blanckenburg, A.J. Gibb, and J.R. Hein. 1997. Evolution of Nd and Pb isotopes in Central Pacific seawater from ferromanganese crusts. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 146, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(96)00224-5
  32. Liu, H.S. 1980. Convection generated stress field and intra-plate volcanism. Tectonophysics, 65, 225-244. https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(80)90076-1
  33. Londsale, P., W.R. Normark, and W.A. Newman. 1972. Sedimentation and erosion on Horizon Guyot. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 83, 289-316. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1972)83[289:SAEOHG]2.0.CO;2
  34. Mangini, A., M. Segl, H. Kudrass, M. Wiedicke, G. Bonani, H.J. Morenzoni, M. Nessi, M. Suter, and W. Wolfli. 1986. Diffusion and supply rates of $^{10}Be$ and $^{230}Th$ radioisotopes in two manganese encrustations from the South China Sea. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 50, 149-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(86)90060-8
  35. McMurtry, G.M., D.L. Vonderhaar, A. eisenhauer, and J.J. Mahoney. 1994. Cenozoic accumulation history of a Pacific ferromanganese crust. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 125, 105-118. https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(94)90209-7
  36. Moore, W.S. 1973. Accumulation rates of manganese crusts on rocks exposed on the sea floor. Inter-University Program of Research on Ferromanganese Deposits of the Ocean Floor, Phase Report, 93-96.
  37. Morgan, J.W. 1972. Covection plumes and plate motions. Bull. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol., 56, 203-213.
  38. Nishimura, A. 1981. Deep sea sediments in the GH 79-1 area: Their geological properties. Cruise Report 1., Geol. Surv. Jap., 110-135.
  39. O'Nions, R.K., M. Frank, F. von Blankenburg, and H.F. Ling. 1998. Secular variation of Nd and Pb-isotopes in ferromanganese crusts from the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 155, 15-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(97)00207-0
  40. Puteanus, D. and P. Halbach. 1988. Correlation of Co concentration and growth rate: A method for age determination of ferromanganese crusts. Chem. Geol., 69, 73-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(88)90159-3
  41. Segl, M., A. Mangini, J. Beer, G. Bonani, M. Suter, and W. Wolfili. 1989. Growth rate variations of manganese nodules and crusts induced by paleoceanographic events. Paleoceanography, 4, 511-530. https://doi.org/10.1029/PA004i005p00511
  42. Sharama, P. and B.L.K. Somayajulu. 1982. $^{10}Be$ dating of large manganese nodules from world oceans. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 59, 235-244. https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(82)90128-5
  43. Takematsu, N., Y. Sato, and S. Okabe. 1989. Factors controlling the chemical composition of marine manganese nodules and crusts: A review and systhesis. Mar. Chem., 26, 41-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(89)90063-7
  44. Toth, J.R. 1980. Deposition of submarine crusts rich in manganese and iron. Geol, Soc. Am. Bull., 91, 44-54. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1980)91<44:DOSCRI>2.0.CO;2
  45. USGS and KORDI. 1989. Geological, geochemical, geophysical, and oceanographic data and interpretations of seamounts and Co-rich ferromanganese crusts from the Marshall Islands, Farnella Cruise F10-89-CP. U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 90-407. 246 p.
  46. van Andel, T.H., G.R. Heath, and T.C. Moore Jr. 1975. Cenozoic history and paleoceanography of the central equatorial Pacific Ocean. Geol. Soc. Am. Mem., 143. 134 p.
  47. Watkins, D.K., P.N. Pearson, E. Erba, F.R. Rack, I.P. Silva, H.W. Bohrmann, J. Fenner, and P.R.N. Hobbs. 1995. Stratigraphy and sediment accumulation patterns of the upper cenozoic pelagic carbonate caps of guyots in the northwestern pacific ocean. Proc. ODP. Sci. Results, 144, 675-689.
  48. Wright, I.C. 2001. In situ modification of modern submarine hyaloclastic/pyroclastic deposits by oceanic currents: an example from the Southern Kermadec arc (SW Pacific). Mar. Geol., 172, 287-307. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(00)00131-6