Hormonal Requirements Induced Different Regeneration Pathways in Alhagi graecorum

  • Hassanein, A.M. (Genetics Lab. Faculty of Science, South Valley University)
  • Published : 2004.09.01

Abstract

Hormonal requirements inducing different regeneration pathways with particular emphasis on somatic embryo-genesis in Alhagi graecorum were studied. While combination of 0.5 $\mu{M}$ 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 2.5 $\mu{M}$ 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 5 $\mu{M}$ 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) in MS medium induced callus formation and callus maintenance from internodal explants, each alone or in combination with other induced distinct regeneration pathway. Adventitious bud formation was induced on MS medium supplemented with 2.5 $\mu{M}$ BAP. It was improved when 2.5 $\mu{M}$ BAP was used in combination with 5 $\mu{M}$ NAA. MS medium containing 0.5 $\mu{M}$ 2,4-D or 5 $\mu{M}$ NAA induced the formation of abnormal direct somatic embryos. While increase of 2,4-D concentration (1.125-9) resulted in the formation of viable embryogenic mass, increase of NAA did not change its effect. NAA should be used in combination with 2,4-D even at low concentration (0.5 $\mu{M}$) to form embryogenic mass. In A. gaecorum, the role of 2,4-D as trigger of somatic embryogenesis and BAP as trigger of adventitious bud formation was deduced, but for maximum yield certain auxin-cytokinin ratio should be applied. Embryogenic masses characterized by high water content, low peroxidase activity, and low number of peroxidase and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase bands in comparison with calli obtained under conditions stimulating adventitious bud formation. The resulted differential gene expression, which could be detected by native-PAGE patterns, could be used as marker for organogenic pathway in A. graecorum.

Keywords

References

  1. Ammirato PV (1983) Embryogenesis. In: Evans DA, Sharp WR, Ammirato PV, Yamada Y (ed), Handbook of Plant Cell Culture, Vol 1, pp 82-123. Mac Millan, New York
  2. Arezki A, Boxus P, Kevers C, Caspar T (2001) Changes in peroxidase activity, and level of phenolic compounds during light-induced plantlet regeneration from Eucalyptus camaladulensis Dehn. Nodes in vitro. Plant growth Regul 33: 215-219
  3. Bertozo MR, Valls JFM (2001) Seed storage protein electophoresis in Arachis pintoi and A. repens (Leguminosae) for evaluating genetic diversity. Genetic Resour Crop Evol 48: 121-130
  4. Blanc G, Michaux-Ferriere N, Teisson C, Lardet L, Carron MP (1999) Effect of carbohydrate addition on the induction of somatic embryogenesis in Hevea brasliensis. Plant Cell Tiss Org Cult 59: 103-112
  5. Borkird C, Choi JH, Jin Z, Franz G, Hatzopolous P, Chorneau R, Bonas U, Pelegri F, Sung ZR (1988) Development regulation of embryonic genes in plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85: 6399-6403
  6. Boulos L, El-Hadidi M (1984) The Weed Flora of Egypt. The American Univ., Cairo, Egypt
  7. Brewer GJ (1970) Introduction to isoenzyme techniques. Academic Press, New York, San Frandsco, London
  8. Carman JG (1990) Embryogenic cells in plant tissue cultures occurrence and behavior. In vitro Cell Dev Biol 26: 746-753
  9. Carron MP, Etienne H, Michaux-Ferriere N, Montoro P (1995) Somatic embryogenesis in rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Mull. Arg.) In: Bajaj YPS (ed.) Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry. Vol 30. Somatic Embryogenesis and Synthetic Seed. pp 353-369. Springer Verlag Berlin
  10. Chawla HS (1991) Plant regeneration potential and isoenzyme variation during morphogenesis of barley callus. Biol Plant 33: 175-180
  11. Cuenca B, San-Jose MC, Martinez MT, Ballester A, Vieitez AM (1999) Somatic embryogenesis from stem and leaf explants of Quercus robur L. Plant Cell Rep 18: 538-543
  12. De Klerk GJ, Arnholdt-Schmitt B, Lieberei R (1997) Regeneration of roots, shoots and embryos: physiological biochemical and molecular aspects. Biol Plant 39: 53-66
  13. El-Khatib AA, Fayez KA, Hassanein AM (1999) Adaptive responses of Alhagi graecorum under different habitat conditions. Acta Agronomica Hungarica 47: 171-180
  14. Endress R (1994) Plant Cell Biotechnology. Springer Verlag, Hiedelberg
  15. Etienne H, Berger A, Carron MP (1991) Water status of callus from Hevea brasiliensis during induction of somatic embryogenesis. Physiol Plant 82: 213-218
  16. Fellers JP, Guenzi AC, Porter DR (1997) Marker proteins associated with somatic embryogenesis of wheat callus cultures. J Plant Physiol 151: 201-208
  17. Gepts P (1990) Genetic diversity of seed storage proteins in plants. In: Brown HD, Glegg MT, Kahler AL and Weir BS (eds), Plant Population, Genetics, Breeding and Genetic Recourses, pp 64-82. Sunderland, Massachusetts
  18. Hare PD, du Plessis S, Cress WA, Van Staden J (1996) Stress induced changes in plant gene expression. South African J Sci 92: 431-439
  19. Harms CT (1983) Somatic incompatibility in the development of higher plant somatic hybrids. The Quarterly Review of Biology 58: 325-353
  20. Hassanein AM (1998) Isoezyme patterns of Solanum nigrum and the cybrid plant containing Solanum nigrum genome and Solanum tuberosum plastome. Biol Plant 40: 617- 621
  21. Hassanein AM, Mazen AMA (2001) Adventitious bud formation in Alhagi graecorum. Plant Cell, Tiss Org Cult 65: 31-35
  22. Hassanein AM, Ahmed AM, AbdeI-Hafez AII, Soltan DM (1999a) Phenol-oxidizing isoenzymes, malate dehyderogenase patterns and organogenesis of Solanum nigrum as affected by light treatments. Acta Agrono Hungar 47: 127-136
  23. Hassanein AM, Ahmed AM, AbdeI-Hafez AII, Soltan DM (1999b) Isoenzymes expression during root and shoot organogenesis of Solanum nigrum. Biol Plant 42: 341-347
  24. Hassanein AM, Galal M, Azooz MM (2003) Interaction between time of nodal explant collection and growth regulators determines the efficiency of Morus alba microprobagation. J Plant Biotech 5: 255-231
  25. Kaeppler HF, Pedersen JF (1996) Media effects on phenotype of callus cultures initiated from photoperiod-insensitive, elite inbred sorghum lines. Maydica 41: 83-89
  26. Kim SH, Kim SK (2002) Effects of auxins and cytokinins on callus induction from leaf blade, Petiole, and stem segments of in vitro-grown 'Sheridan' grape shoots. J Plant Biotech 4: 17-21
  27. Kim KH, Park HK, Yeo UD (2001) Effect of auxins and cytokinins on organogenesis of soybean Gtycine max L. J Plant Biotech 3: 95-100
  28. Legrand B, Bouazza A (1991) Changes in peroxidase and lAA-oxidase activities during adventitious buds formation from small root explant of Cichorium intybus L: Influence of glucose. J Plant Physiol 138: 102-106
  29. Lindfors A, Kuusela H, Hohtola A, KupiIa-Ahvenniemi S (1990) Molecular correlates of tissue browning and deterioration in Scots pine calli. Biologia Plantarum 32: 171-180
  30. Li T, Neumann KH (1985) Embryogenesis and endogenous hormone of cell culture of some carrot varieties (Daucus carota L). Berl Deut Bot Ges 98: 227-235
  31. Mezzetti B, Savini G, Carnevali F, Mott D (1997) Plant genotype and growth regulators interaction affecting in vitro morphogenesis of blackberry and raspberry. Biol Plant 39: 139-150
  32. Murashige T, Skoog F (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol Plant 15: 473-497
  33. Ozawa S, Yasutani I, Fukuda H, Komamine A, Sugiyama M (1998) Organogenic Reponses in tissue culture of mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana. Development 125: 135-142
  34. Peeters AJM, Gerads W, Barendse GWM (1991) In vitro flower bud formation in tobacco: interaction of hormones. Plant Physiol 97: 402-408
  35. Rose RJ, Thomas MR, Fitter JT (1990) The transfer of cytoplasmic and molecular genomes by somatic hybridi-zation. Aust J Plant Physiol 17: 303-321
  36. Protopapadakis E, Papanikolaou X (1998) A study on gluta-mate oxaloacetate transaminase isozymes of citron cultivars. Genetic Resour Crop Evol 45: 561-564
  37. Schween G, Schwenkel H (2003) Effect of genotype on callus induction, shoot organogenesis, and phenotypic stability of regenerated plants in the greenhouse of Primula ssp. Plant Cell Tiss Org Cult 72: 53-61
  38. Siegel BZ, Galston AW (1967) The isoperoxidase of Pisum sativum. Plant Physiol 42: 221-226
  39. Stafford A, Warren G (1993) Plant Cell and Tissue, John Willy & Sons, Chichester, New York
  40. Wakamatsu K, Takahama U (1993) Changes in peroxidase activity and in peroxidase isoenzyme in carrot callus. Physiol Plant 88: 167-171
  41. Vasil IK (1982) Plant Cell culture and somatic cell genetics of cereals and grasses. Vasil IK, Scowcroft W, Frew KJ (ed.s), Plant Improvement and Somatic Cell Genetics, PP 179-203. Academic Press. New York
  42. Visedo G, Fernandez-Piqueras J, Garcia JA (1990) Isoenzyme profiles associated with the hypersensitive response of Chenopodium foetidum to plum pox virus infection. Physiol Plant 78: 218-224