Preparation and Characteristics of Drinkable Yoghurt Added Water Extract of Omija(Schizandra chinensis Baillon)

오미자(Schizandra chinensis Baillon) 추출물 첨가 Drinkable Yoghurt의 제조 및 특성

  • 홍경현 (경원대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 남은숙 (경원대학교 식품영양학) ;
  • 박신인 (경원대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Published : 2004.06.01

Abstract

A new type of drinkable yoghurt was prepared to develop a functional yoghurt. Skim milk containing 0.4-1.0%(w/v) water extract of omija(Schizandra chinensis Baillon) was fermented by the mixed strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Streptococcus thermophilus. Quality characteristics of the drinkable yoghurts were evaluated in terms of compositions, keeping-quality(pH, titratable acidity, number of viable cells) and sensory properties. The drinkable yoghurts added with water extract of Schizandra chinensis were composed of 2.92-3.03% protein, 9.98-10.23% lactose, 0.81-1.08% fat, 16.21-16.64% total solid, and 14.57-15.17% solid-not-fat. The L values(brightness) were significantly lower in the yoghurts containing water extract of Schizandra chinensis than that of the control which had no water extract of Schizandra chinensis, while the a values(redness) and b values(yellowness) were significantly higher than those of the control. The pH, titratable acidity and number of viable cells of the lactic acid bacteria of all yoghurts were not changed during the storage at 4$^{\circ}C$ for 15 days, while the pH and titratable acidity were remarkedly changed during the yoghurts stored at 20$^{\circ}C$ for 15 days. The drinkable yoghurts containing 0.4%(w/v) water extract of Schizandra chinensis added 15%(w/v) oligosaccharide, or 0.6%(w/v) water extract of Schizandra chinensis added 20%(w/v) oligosaccharide had the highest sensory score in taste and overall acceptability among the treatments. From the results, Schizandra chinensis was a useful natural additive with the bioactive effect by provision of a acceptable physicochemical and sensory properties in the drinkable yoghurt.

오미자 물 추출액을 첨가한 drinkable yoghurt를 개발하기 위하여 오미자 물 추출액을 수준별(0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1.0%)로 첨가하여 drinkable yoghurt를 제조한 후 일반 성분, 저장성 및 관능성 등 품질 특성을 조사하였다. 오미자 물 추출액 첨가 drinkable yoghurt의 일반 성분은 단백질은 2.92-3.03%, 유당은 9.98-10.23%, 지방은 0.81-l.08%, 총고형분은 16.21-16.64%, 무지고형분은 14.57-15.17% 함유하고 있어 농후 발효유의 규정에 부합하였다. 색도 측정 결과 오미자 물 추출액 첨가 농도가 증가함에 따라 명도(L값)는 감소하였고, 적색도(a값)와 황색도(b값)는 매우 높은 값을 나타내었다. 오미자 물 추출액 첨가 drinkable yoghurt를 무첨가구와 함께 4$^{\circ}C$와 2$0^{\circ}C$에서 15일 동안 저장한 결과 4$^{\circ}C$에서 pH는 3.81 -3.91, 적정산도는 1.05-l.26%이었고, 2$0^{\circ}C$에서 pH는 3.31-3.36, 적정산도는 2.03-2.30%으로 오미자 물 추출액 무첨가구에 비하여 낮은 산도를 나타내었다. 4$^{\circ}C$에서 저장하는 동안 오미자 물 추출액 첨가구의 pH와 적정산도는 yoghurt의 바람직한 pH의 범위와 적정산도 범위에 일치하였으나 2$0^{\circ}C$에서 저장하는 동안에는 이 적정 범위에서 매우 벗어난 경향을 보였다. 그리고 유산균수의 경우 4$^{\circ}C$에서는 오미자 물 추출액 첨가구는 1.13${\times}$$10^{9}$-2.29${\times}$$10^{9}$ CFU/$m\ell$로 무첨가구(2.33${\times}$$10^{9}$ CFU/$m\ell$)에 비해 약간 감소하였으나 2$0^{\circ}C$에서는 오미자 물 추출액 첨가구는 1.84${\times}$$10^{9}$-2.51${\times}$$10^{9}$ CFU/$m\ell$로 무첨가구(2.03${\times}$$10^{8}$ CFU/$m\ell$)에 비해 높은 균수를 보였으며, 오미자 물 추출액 첨가 drinkable yoghurt의 경우 저장 온도에 상관없이 저장 0 일의 기준시료와 큰 차이 없이 유사한 균수를 유지하였다. 이것은 식품 공전에 나타난 농후 발효유의 법적 유산균수(1.0${\times}$$10^{8}$ CFU/$m\ell$ 이상)를 충족하는 것으로 나타났다. 관능검사 결과 오미자 물 추출액 0.4%와 올리고당 15%를 첨가하거나 또는 오미자 물 추출액 0.6%와 올리고당 20%를 첨가하여 drinkable yoghurt를 제조하는 것이 맛과 전체적인 기호도에서 가장 좋은 것으로 평가되었다. 이상과 같이 오미자 물 추출액은 drinkable yoghurt의 성분, 저장성과 관능적인 면에서 좋은 결과를 보였다. 따라서 여러가지 유용한 생리 활성 효과를 가진 오미자는 새로운 기능성을 가지는 drinkable yoghurt의 개발에 있어서 좋은 천연물 소재로서의 가능성을 가지며 신제품 개발에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 사료되었다.

Keywords

References

  1. Im, KS. Effect of fermented milk on human health. Korean J. Food Nutr. 16(1):93-103. 2003
  2. Kim, JI and Park, SI. The effect of mugwort extract on the characteristics of curd yogurt. J. Food Hyg. Safety. 14(4):352-357. 1999
  3. Lee, EH and Choi, SD. Studies on the manufacture of aloe yoghurt. J. Agric. Tech. Res. Inst. 7:55-59. 1994
  4. Lee, JH and Yoon, YH. Characteristics of aloe vera supplemented liquid yoghurt inoculated with Lactobacillus casei YIT 9018. Kor. J. Anim. Sci. 39 (1):93-100. 1997
  5. Lee, EH and Kahng, GG. The effect of yam powder on the quality of plain yoghurt. J. Agric. Tech. Res. Inst. 8:42-46. 1995
  6. Lyou, PH and Kim, JW. A study on the preparation of yogurt added with jujube extract. J. Agric. Sci. 23(1):70-79. 1996
  7. Kim, JW and Lee, JY. Preparation and characteristics of yoghurt from milk added with box thorn (Licium chinensis Miller). Kor. J. Dairy Sci. 19(3): 189-200. 1997
  8. Kim, JW. Effect of ginseng extract on the acid production and growth of yoghurt starter. J. Agric. Sci. 21(2):111-121. 1994
  9. Lee, IS and Paek, KY. Preparation and quality characteristics of yogurt added with cultured ginseng. Kor. J. Food Sci. Technol. 35(2):235-241. 2003
  10. Lee, IS, Lee, SW and Kim, HS. Preparation and quality characteristics of yogurt added with Saururus chinensis (Lour.) Bail. J. Kor. Soc. Food Sci. Nutr. 31(3):411-416. 2002 https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2002.31.3.411
  11. Lee, EH, Nam, ES and Park, SI. Characteristics of curd yogurt from milk added with Maesil (Prunus mume). Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 34(3):419-425. 2002
  12. Jeong, EJ and Bang, BH. The effect on the quality of yogurt added water extracted from sea tangle. Kor. J. Food Nutr. 16(1):66-71. 2003
  13. Lee, JS and Lee, SW. Effects of water extract of the parts of Omija (Schizandra chinensis Baillon) on metabolism in normal rats. Kor. J. Dietary Culture. 4(3):253-256. 1989
  14. Lee, JS. and Lee, SW. Effect of water extract in fruits of Omija (Schizandra chinensis Baillon) on $CCl_4$ toxicity. Kor. J. Dietary Culture. 5(2):253-257. 1990
  15. Sheo, HJ, Lee, MY and Hwang, GS. The effect of Schizandrae fructus extract on blood constituents of alloxan induced diabetic rabbits. J. Kor. Soc. Food Nutr. 16(4):262-267. 1987
  16. Lee, JS and Lee, SW. Effects of water extract in fruits of Omija (Schizandra chinensis Baillon) on alloxaninduced diabetic rats. Kor. J. Dietary Culture. 5(2):265-268. 1990
  17. Lee, JS and Lee, SW. Effects of water extracts in fruits of Omija (Schizandra chinensis Baillon) on alcohol metabolism. Kor. J. Dietary Culture. 5(2):259-263. 1990
  18. Kwon, J, Lee, SJ, So, JN and Oh, CH. Effects of Schizandra chinensis fructus on the immunoregulatory action and apoptosis of L1210 cells. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 33(3):384-388. 2001
  19. Choi, EM, Lee, BK and Koo, SJ. Inhibitory effect on delayed type hypersensitivity by the hot water extracts from medicinal herbs. Kor. J. Food Sci. Technol. 33(1): 146-148. 2001
  20. Lee, JS and Lee, SW. The studies of composition of fatty acids and antioxidant activities in parts of Omija (Schizandra chinensis Baillon). Korean J. Dietary Culture. 6(2):147-153. 1991
  21. Chung, HJ. Antioxidative effect of ethanolic extracts of some tea materials on red pepper seed oil. J. Korean Soc. Food Sci. Nutr. 28(6):1316-1320. 1999
  22. Jung, GT, Ju, IO, Choi, JS and Hong, JS. The antioxidative, antimicrobial and nitrite scavenging effects of Schizandra chinensis Ruprecht (Omija) seed. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 32(4):928-935. 2000
  23. Lee, SH and Lim, YS. Antimicrobial effects of Schizandra chinensis extract against Listeria monocytogenes. Korean J. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 25(5):442-447. 1997
  24. Lee, SH and Lim, YS. Antimicrobial effects of Schizandra chinensis extract on pathogenic micro organism. J. Kor. Soc. Food Sci. Nutr. 27(2):239-243. 1998
  25. Ji, WD, Jeong, MS, Chung, HC, Choi, UK, Jeong, WH, Kwoen, DJ, Kim, SY and Chung, YG. Growth inhibition of water extract of Schizandra chinensis Bullion on the bacteria. J. Food Hyg. Safety. 16(2):89-95. 2001
  26. Lee, JY, Min, YK and Kim, HY. Isolation of antimicrobial substance from Schizandra chinensis Baillon and antimicrobial effect. Kor. J. Food Sci. Technol. 33(3):389-394. 2001
  27. Do, JR, Kim, SB, Park, YH, Park, YB and Kim, DS. the nitrite scavenging effects by the component of traditional tea materials. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 25(5):530-534. 1993
  28. Shin, KS, Ra, KS, Sung, HC and Yang, HC. Screening of complement system activating polysaccharide from edible plants and its action mode. Kor. J. Food Sci. Technol. 25(3):197-203. 1993
  29. Tamine, AY and Robinson, RK. Yoghurt, Science and Technology, pp.241-243. Pergamon Press, Oxford. 1985
  30. Kim, KO, Kim, SS, Sung, NK and Lee, YC. Method and Application of Sensory Evaluation, pp. 131-175. Shin Kwang Publishing. 1997
  31. SAS Institute, Inc. SAS User's Guide, Statistical Analysis System Institute, Cary, NC. 1990
  32. Jeong, EJ. Study on physicochemical properties of commercial gel type yoghurt. Kor. J. Dairy Sci. 12(1):18-25. 1990
  33. Korea Food Industry Association. Official Books of Foods, pp. 181-183. Korea Food Industry Association. 2002
  34. Lee, JJ, Kim, HY, Shin, JG and Baek, YJ. Studies on the changes of the physical properties and the shelf life of the liquid yoghurt stored at different temperatures. Korean J. Dairy Sci. 13(2):124-131. 1991
  35. Lee, HJ, Suh, DS, Shin, YK, Goh, JS and Kwak, HS. Changes of quality in stirred yoghurt during storage at various conditions of temperature and shaking. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 24(4):353-360. 1992
  36. Lee, JS, Han, PJ and Suh, KB. Studies on production of modified yoghurt (soy cream) from soybean milk (I). Kor. J. Food Sci. Technol. 4(3):194-199. 1972
  37. Rasic, JL and Kurmann, JA. Yoghurt, p.103. Technical Dairy Publishing House, Copenhagen. 1978
  38. Kroger, M. Quality of yoghurt. J. Dairy Sci. 59:344-350. 1976 https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(76)84208-7