International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials

Korean Society of Sericultural Science (한국잠사학회)
권호 표지

Biological Control of Mulberry Root Knot Nematode Meloidogyne incognita by Trichoderma harzianum

  • Sukumar, J. (Karnataka State Sericulture Research and Development Institute) ;
  • Padma, S.D. (Karnataka State Sericulture Research and Development Institute) ;
  • Bongale, U.D. (Karnataka State Sericulture Research and Development Institute)
  • Published : 2004.06.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Trichoderma harzianum-THN1 parasitising the egg masses of root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita was isolated from galled mulberry roots and evaluated for its potential to control root knot disease. In pot experiments root galling was reduced and leaf yield increased significantly following soil treatment with T. harzianum-THN1. The extracts obtained from the soils inoculated with T. harzianum-THN1 drastically inhibited the hatching of nematode eggs and the effect was irreversible even after the eggs were transferred to fresh water. The fungus was equally effective in controlling the disease in nematode infested mulberry garden under field conditions which was significant over the most commonly used egg parasitic fungus Paecilomyces lilacinus. The disease reduction recorded with T. harzianum was on par with the plants treated with the nematicide Carbofuran. The results suggest that T. harzianum- THN1 could be used as a potent ecofriendly biocontrol agent against M. incognita in mulberry without any residual toxicity to silkworms. T. harzianum- THN1 can form an important component of integrated disease management package in mulberry cultivation.

Keywords

References

  1. Blaxster, M. L. and W. M. Robertson (1998) The Cuticle; in Free Living and Plant Parasitic Nematodes. Perry, R. N. and D. J. Wright (eds.), pp. 25-48, CAB International, Wallingford, U. K
  2. Bonants, P. J. M., P. F. L. Fitters, H. Thijs, E. den Belder, C. Waalwijk and J. W. D. M. Henfling (1995) A basic serine protease from Paecilomyces lilacinus with biological activity against Meloidogyne hapla eggs. Microbiology 141, 775-784 https://doi.org/10.1099/13500872-141-4-775
  3. De Leif, F. A. A. M., L. B. R. Kerry and Dennehy (1993) Verticillium chlamydosporium as a biocontrol agent for Meloidogyne incognita and M. hapla in pot and microplot tests. Nematologica 39, 115-126 https://doi.org/10.1163/187529293X00097
  4. Govindaiah (1990) Studies on the root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita infesting mulberry. Ph. D. Thesis, University of Mysore, Mysore, India
  5. Gupta, V. P. (2001) Diseases of mulberry and their management; in Plant Pathology. Trivedi, P. C. (ed.), pp. 130-164, Pointer Publishers, Jaipur, India
  6. Lopez-Llorea, L. V. and W. M. Robertson (1992) Immunocytochemicl localization of a 32 kDa protease from nematophagus fungus Verticillium sachlasporium in infected nematode eggs. Exp. Mycol. 16, 261-267 https://doi.org/10.1016/0147-5975(92)90002-9
  7. Martens, M. C. A. and G. R. Stirling (1993) Parasistism of Meloidogyne sp. on grape and kiwi fruit by the fungal egg parasites Paecilomyces lilacinus and verticillium chlamydosporium. Nematologica 39, 400-410 https://doi.org/10.1163/187529293X00349
  8. Morgan-Jones, G., J. F. White and R. Rodriguez-Kabana (1984) Fungal parasites of Meloidogyne incognita in an Alabama soybean field soil. Nematropica 14, 93-96
  9. Parvatha Reddy, P. (1987) A treatise on phytonematology. Agricole Publishing Academy, New Delhi
  10. Parvatha Reddy, P., M. S. Rao and M. Nagesh (1996) Management of citrus nematode Tylenchulus semipenetrans by integration of Trichoderma harzianum with oil cakes. Nematol. Mediterr. 24,265-267
  11. Saifulla, M. and B. J. Thomas (1996) Studies on the parasitism of Globodera rostochinensis by Trichoderma harzianum using low temperature scanning electron microscopy. AfroAsian J. Nemaatol. 6, 117-122
  12. Sasser, J. N. (1989) Plant parasitic nematodes: The farmers hidden enemy. North Carolina State University and Consortium for international crop protection, North Carolina
  13. Segers. R., T. M. Butt, B. R. Kerry, A. Beckett and J. Peberdy (1996) The role of proteinase VCPI produced by nematophagous Verticillium chlamydosporium in the infection process of nematode eggs. Mycol. Res. 100,421-428 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0953-7562(96)80138-9
  14. Sharma, D. D. (1998) Nematicidal effect of culture filtrates of bio-control agents on hatching of Meloidogyne incognita eggs in comparison with Rugby 10 g and Neem oil cake. Intl. Tropical Plant Dis. 16, 239-242
  15. Sharon, E., M. Bar-Eyal, I. Chet, A. Herrera-Estrella, O. Kleifeld and Y. Spiegel (2001) Biological coantrol of the root knot nematode M. javanica by Trichoderma harzianum. Phytopathology 91, 687-693 https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO.2001.91.7.687
  16. Shahzad, S. and A. Gaffar (1989) Use of Paecilomyces lilacinus in the control of root rot and root knot complex of Okra and Mungbean. Pakistan Journal of Nematology 7, 47-53
  17. Sivan, A., Y. Elad and I. Chet (1984) Biological control effects of a new isolate of Trichoderma harzianum on Pythium aphanidermatum. Phytopathology 74, 498-501 https://doi.org/10.1094/Phyto-74-498
  18. Spigel, Y. and I. Chet (1998) Evaluation of Trichoderma spp. as a control agent against soil borne fungi and plant parasitic nematode. Israel. Itegr. Pest Mang. Rev. 3, 169-175
  19. Sukumar, J. and S. D. Padma (1999) Diseases of mulberry in India; Research progress and priorities; in Advances in mulberry Sericulture. Devaiah, M. C, K. C. Narayana Swamy and V.G. Maribashetty (eds.), pp. 154-186, G. V. K. Publications, Bangalore, India
  20. Sukumar, J. and Govindaiah (2001) Mulberry diseases and control measures; in Handbook of Sericulture Technologies. Dandin, S. B., J. Jayaswal and K. Giridhar (eds.), pp 76-87, Central Silk Board, Bangalore
  21. Sunderaraj, H., S. Jagaraj, M. N. Venkataramuand M. K. Jagannath (1972) Design and analysis of field experiments, Misc. Series No. 22, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, India
  22. Taylor, A. L. and J. N. Sasser (1978) Biology, identification and control of root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.). North Carolina State Univ. and United States Agency for International Development, Raleigh
  23. Windham, G. L., M. T. Windham and W. P. Willams (1989) Effects of Trichoderma spp. on maize growth and Meloidogyne arenaria reproduction. Plant Disease 73, 493-496 https://doi.org/10.1094/PD-73-0493
  24. Yamashita, T. T. and D. R. Viglierchio (1987) Field resistance to non-fumigant nematicides in Xiphinema index and Meloidogyne incognita. Revue de Nematologie 10, 327-232