Protection of UV-derived Skin Cell Damage and Anti-irritation Effect of Juniperus chinensis Xylem Extract

향나무추출물의 광손상으로부터 피부세포 보호와 자극완화 효과에 대한 연구

  • 김진화 (한불화장품(주) 기술연구소) ;
  • 박성민 (한불화장품(주) 기술연구) ;
  • 심관섭 (한불화장품(주) 기술연구) ;
  • 이범천 (한불화장품(주) 기술연구) ;
  • 표형배 (한불화장품(주) 기술연구소)
  • Published : 2004.05.01

Abstract

The human skin is constantly exposed to environmental irritants such as ultraviolet, smoke, chemicals. Free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused by these environmental facts play critical roles in cellular damage. These irritants are in themselves damaging to the skin structure but they also participate the immensely complex inflammatory reaction. The purpose of this study was to investigate the skin cell protective effect of Juniperus chinensis xylem extract on the UV and SLS-induced skin cell damages. We tested free radical and superoxide scavenging effect in vitro. We found that Juniperus chinensis xylem extracts had potent radical scavenging effect by 98% at 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL. Fluorometric assays of the proteolytic activities of matrix metalloproteinase-l(MMP-1, collagenase) were performed using fluorescent collagen substrates. UV A induced MMP-1 synthesis and activity were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and gelatin-based zymography in skin fibroblasts. The extract of Juniperus chinensis showed strong inhibitory effect on MMP-1 activities by 97% at 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL and suppressed the UVA induced expression of MMP-1 by 79% at 25 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL. This extract also showed strong inhibition on MMP-2 activity in UVA irradiated fibroblast by zymography. We also examined anti-inflammatory effects by the determination test of proinflammatory cytokine, interleukin 6 in HaCaT keratinocytes. In this test Juniperus chinensis decreased expression of interleukin 6 about 30%. Expression of prostaglandin E$_2$, (PGE$_2$) after UVB irradiation was measured by competitive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) using PGE$_2$ monoclonal antibody. At the concentrations of 5-50 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL of the extracts, the production of PGE$_2$ by HaCaT keratinocytes (24 hours after 10 mJ/$\textrm{cm}^2$ UVB irradiation) was significantly inhibited in culture supernatants (p〈0.05). The viability of cultured HaCaT keratinocytes was significantly reduced at the doses of above 10 mJ/$\textrm{cm}^2$ of UVB irradiation, but the presence of these extracts improved cell viability comparing to control after UVB irradiation. We also investigated the protective effect of this extract in sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS)-induced irritant skin reactions from 24 hour exposure. Twice a day application of the extract for reducing local inflammation in human skin was done. Irritant reactions were assessed by various aspects of skin condition, that is, erythema (skin color reflectance) and transepidermal water loss (TEWL). After 5 days the extract was found to reduce SLS-induced skin erythema and improve barrier regeneration when compared to untreated symmetrical test site. In conclusion, our results suggest that Juniperus chinensis can be effectively used for the prevention of UV and SLS-induced adverse skin reactions such as radical production, inflammation and skin cell damage.

태양광선과 산소는 피부세포에 자유라디칼(free radical)과 활성산소종(Reactive oxygen species, ROS)을 생성시켜 DNA의 손상과 세포막 지질의 과산화를 유발한다. 또한 콜라겐과 같은 세포 외 기질을 파괴하는데 관여하는 효소(matrix metallo-proteinhse, MMPs)의 발현에 영향을 주어, 결합조직을 손상시키며, 피부 염증을 유발시켜 조직을 파괴하고 노화를 가속화시킨다. 본 연구는 자외선과 SLS에 의한 피부손상에 대한 향나무추물물의 피부 보호 효과에 대한 것이다. 실험 결과 프리라디칼 및 슈퍼옥사이드 라디칼 소거 효과가 우수하게 나타났으며, 피부 콜라겐과 같은 메트릭스를 분해하는 효소인 MMP-1의 활성 및 발현 저해 효과는 섬유아세포에서 UVA 조사에 의한 실험에서 우수하게 나타났으며, 피부세포 배양액에 대해 zymography를 실시하여 활성이 감소됨을 확인하였다. 피부 각질형성세포에서 자외선에 의해 유도된 염증관련 사이토카인인 인터루킨 6의 발현량 실험에서도 무처리군에 비해 향나무추출물이 인터루킨 6를 30% 정도 저해효과가 나타났으며, 염증반응 중 cyclooxygenase (COX)에 의한 경로에서 생성되는 프로스타글란딘 E$_2$의 생성량도 감소시켰다. 사람 피부에서 SLS (0.5%)첩포로 유발된 자극성 피부염의 항염증 효과 평가 시 SLS에 의해 유발되는 자극정도가 피검자의 피부상태에 따라 다양하게 나타났으며, 향나무추출물 함유 에멀젼 제품 도포 실험에서는 피부 홍반 완화 효과와 피부장벽 회복 효과가 우수하게 나타났다. 따라서 향나무추출물은 자외선 조사 및 SLS에 의한 피부손상에 대한 보호 효과를 가진 화장품에서 우수한 소재로 적용될 수 있다. 녹두추출물을 화장품에 사용하였을 경우 우수한 항자극 효과를 보임을 확인하였다.완화시키는데 기여하였다. 이러한 결과를 종합하여 한국에서 삼림쇠퇴를 유발할 수 있는 스트레스요인들의 잠재적 상호작용을 모식화하였다. 나아가 그것을 완화할 수 있는 복원방안을 토양개량과 식생복원의 측면에서 제시하였다. mg/l)치 농도가 높을지라도 이것이 낮은 cinnamic acid와 protocatechuic acid에서 현저한 억제현상을 보였다. 서양등골나물 임상의 토양보다 서양등골나물이 분포하지 않는 토양의 중금속 함량이 전반적으로 높았다. 특히 Al, Fe 및 Mn의 함량이 높았으며 이들 중금속은 total phenolic compound 함량이 높은 잎에 대부분이 축적되었다." separating himself from the real world. Thirdly, The nature of "Gang-Ho" is 'absence of worldly desire' and 'cordiality' that one could be deserved his diligency becoming a part of the harmonious idealistic living place. Fourthly, on the character of story teller. Originally he is a incomer of "Gang-Ho" from real world. so that reason, he is showing dualism not to deny the loyalty oath to his king, while he intends to satisfy with the life in "Gang- Ho" separating himself from real world. As

Keywords

References

  1. Free radical Biol & Med. v.26 Antioxidants modulate acute solar ultraviolet radiation-induced NF-kappa-B activation in a human keratinocte cell line S.Claude;K.Manabu;M.Laura;P.Lester https://doi.org/10.1016/S0891-5849(98)00212-3
  2. Ann. Rev. Biochem. v.55 Reactive oxygen intermediate in biochemistry A.Naqui;B.Chance;E.Cadenas https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.bi.55.070186.001033
  3. Ann. Rev. Biochem. v.58 Biochemistry of oxygen toxicity E.Cadenas https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.bi.58.070189.000455
  4. J. Biol. Chem. v.262 Protein damage and degradation by oxygen radicals K.J.Davies
  5. J. Soc. Cos. Sci. Kor. v.23 Skin aging and antioxidant S.N.Park
  6. J. Investing. Dermatol. Symp. Proc. v.3 Aging versus photoaging: postulated mechanisms and effectors M.Yaar;B.A.Gilchrest
  7. Eur. J. Med. Chem. v.36 Cycloosygenase inhibitors-current status and future prospects G.Dannhardt;W.Kiefer https://doi.org/10.1016/S0223-5234(01)01197-7
  8. Birtish journal of pharmacology v.137 Fructose-1l.6-diphosphate attenuates prostaglandin E₂production and cyclooxygenase-2 expression in UVB-irradiated HACAT keratinocyte S.M.Ann;H.Y.Yoon;B.G.Lee;K.C.Park;J.H.Chung;C.H.Moon;S.H.Lee https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjp.0704896
  9. Kor. J. Phamacogn. v.29 Hyaluronidase inhibitor from Uncariae ramulus et Uncos S.J.Jeong;Y.S.Ko;N.H.Ahn;Y.C.Kim
  10. 몸에 좋은 산야초 장준근
  11. 생약학 한대석(외)
  12. Nature v.181 Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical M.S.Blois https://doi.org/10.1038/1811199a0
  13. Boil. Pharm. Bull. v.25 The contribution of the pyrogallol moiety to the superoxide radical scavenging activity of flavonoids K.Furuno;T.Akasako;N.Sugihara https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.25.19
  14. Biochemica et Biophysica Acta v.1478 Matrix metalloproteinase inhibition by green tea catechins M.Demeule;M.Brossard;M.Page;D.Gingras;R.Beliveau https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-4838(00)00009-1
  15. Korean J. Pharmacology v.26 no.3 Inhibitory effects of herbal medicines on hyaluronidase activity Y.S.Kim;Y.K.Noh;G.I.Lee;Y.K.Kim
  16. J. Invest. Derm. v.108 L-ascorbic acid inhibits UVA-induced lipid peroxidation and secretion of IL-1 alpha and IL-6 in cultured human keratinocytes in vitro B.Tebbe;S.Wu;C.C.Geilen;J.Eberls;V.Kodelja;C.E.Orfanos https://doi.org/10.1111/1523-1747.ep12286468
  17. J. Invest. Dermatol. v.36 The SLS provocative patch test in allergic contact sensitization A.M.Kligman
  18. 대한피부과학회지 v.41 no.1 녹차추출물을 함유한 보습제의 항염증 효과 평가 윤상웅(등)
  19. Biol. Pharm. Bull. v.18 Active oxygen scavenging activity of plant extracts H.Masaki;S.Sakaki;T.Atsumi;H.Sakurai https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.18.162
  20. J. Biol. Chem. v.264 Characterization of free radical generation by xanthine oxidase P.Kuppusamy;J.L.Zweier
  21. J. Dermatol. Science v.27 The effects of the melation on ultraviolet-B irradiated cultured dermal fibroblasts Y.W.Ryoo;S.I.Suh;K.C.Mun;B.C.Kim;K.S.Lee https://doi.org/10.1016/S0923-1811(01)00133-5
  22. J. Invest. Dermatol. v.115 Decreased extracellualarsignal regulated kinase and increased stress-activated MAP kinase activities in aged human skin in vivo J.H.Chun;S.W.Kang;J.Varani;J.Lin;G.J.Fisher;J.J.Voorhees https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1747.2000.00009.x
  23. Kor. J. Invest. Dermataol. v.8 The effect of ultraviolet irradiation on the expression of type iprocollagen and MMP-1 in human dermal fibroblast and human skin in vivo J.Y.Seo;G.E.Rhie;J.H.Chung
  24. Korean. J. Biotechnol. Bioeng. v.18 no.4 Screening of hyaluronidase inhibitory and free radical scavenging activity in vitro of traditional herval medicine estracts S.I.Choi;Y.M.Lee;T.R.Heo
  25. J. Invest. Dermatol. v.100 Mechanisms of UV-induced inflammation L.L.Hriza;A.P.Pentland https://doi.org/10.1111/1523-1747.ep12355240
  26. British J. Dermatol. v.140 Ultraviolet irradiation induces cyclooxygenase-2 expression in keratinocytes K.Isoherranen;K.Punnonen;C.Jansen;P.Uotilas https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1999.02897.x
  27. Contact Dermatitis v.23 The sodium laurul sulfate modelian overview C.H.Lee;H.I.Maibach https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1990.tb00075.x
  28. Contact Dermatitis v.44 Effects of different moisturizers on SLS-irritated human skin E.Held;H.Lund;T.Agner https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0536.2001.044004229.x
  29. Br. J. Dermatol. v.145 Testing for irritation with a multifactorial approach: comparison of eight non-invasive measuring techniques of five different irritation types J.W.Fluhr;O.Kuss;T.Diepgen;S.Lazzerini;A.Pelosi;M.Gloor;E.Berardesca https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04431.x
  30. Br. J. Dermatol. v.126 Friction, capacitance and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) in dry atopic and normal skin L.Marie;H.Olsson;T.Axell;Y.W.Linde https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1992.tb07810.x