Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences

  • 제17권4호
  • /
  • Pages.473-478
  • /
  • 2004
  • /
  • 1011-2367(pISSN)
  • /
  • 1976-5517(eISSN)
아세아태평양축산학회 (Asian Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Silage from Agricultural By-products in Thailand: Processing and Storage

  • Suksombat, W. (School of Animal Production Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology) ;
  • Lounglawan, P. (School of Animal Production Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology)
  • 투고 : 2003.01.14
  • 심사 : 2003.12.23
  • 발행 : 2004.04.01
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

Processing and storage of the silage from agricultural by-products were studied in two experiments. The first experiment was conducted to investigate the chemical composition and degradability of various silages with varying ensiling times. The experiment was a 5$\times$3 factorial design, completely randomized, with factor A as the different formulated mixtures by varying level of urea addition (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0%) and factor B as the time of ensiling. Chemical composition changed little with time and varied only slightly with levels of urea in the mixtures. Dry matter (DM) degradability increased with increasing cassava levels while crude protein degradability and pH level increased with increasing urea addition. By using 'Flieg point', which relates to organic acid yields, there were no significant difference among ensiled mixtures and times of ensiling. Therefore it can be concluded that the 5th silage formulation is the most appropriate since its DM and crude protein (CP) degradability were highest. The second experiment was carried out to determine the quality of the 5th silage mixtures (from the previous trial) after being stored for up to 6 months. The experiment was a complete randomized design with samples taken at monthly intervals up to 6 months and subjected to laboratory and degradability analyses. The results showed no significant (p>0.05) difference in chemical composition except for increased neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber percentage in association with increasing storage time. There were no significant (p>0.05) differences in 'Flieg point' among times of storage. In conclusion, this experiment showed that the silage from agricultural by-products can be stored for more than 6 months.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. AOAC. 1990. Official Method of Analysis.15th Edn. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Washington DC.
  2. Boonrawd Brewery Company Limited. 2000. Products and ingredients [On-line]. Available: http://www.boonrawd.co.th/thai/products_ingredients.htm
  3. Canale, A., M. E. Valente and A. Ciotti. 1984. Determination of volatile carboxylic acid (C1-C5i) and lactic acid extracts of silage by high performance liquid chromatography. J. Sci. Food Agric. 35:1178-1182.
  4. Catchpoole, V. R. 1962. The ensilage of sorghum at range of crop maturities. Aus. J. Exp. Agric. Anim. Husb. 2:101-105. https://doi.org/10.1071/EA9620101
  5. Chauhan, T. R. and V. K. Kakkar. 1981. Note on the feeding value of sugarcane-top silage. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 51 (2):221-222.
  6. Ely, L. O., E. M. Sudweeks and N. J. Moon. 1981. Inoculation with Lactobacillus plantarum of alfalfa, corn, sorghum and wheat silages. J. Dairy Sci. 64:2378-2387.
  7. Goering, H. K. and P. J. Van Soest. 1970. Forage Fiber Analysis. ARS/USDA Agric. Handbook, Washington.
  8. Huber, J. T., J. Foldager and N. E. Smith. 1979. Nitrogen distribution in corn silage treated with varying levels of ammonia. J. Anim. Sci. 48:1509-1515.
  9. Ibrahim, M. N. M. and G. R. Pearce. 1983. Effects of chemical pre-treatments on the composition and in vitro digestibility of crop by-products. Agric. Wastes. 5:135-139.
  10. Jackson, M. G. 1977. Review article: The alkali treatment of straws. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 2:105-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8401(77)90013-X
  11. Jackson, N. and B. K. Anderson. 1970. Conservation of wilted herbage ensiled in sealed plastic containers, with and without the addition of urea, and its intake by sheep. J. Sci. Food Agric. 21:453-457.
  12. Jeon, B. T., S. H. Moon, S. M. Lee, K. H. Kim and R. J. Hudson. 2003. Voluntary intake, digestibility and nitrogen balance in spotted deer (Cervus Nippon) fed forest by-products silage, oak leaf hay and commercial mixed ration. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 16(5):702-705.
  13. Johnson, R. R., K. E. Mcclure, E. W. Klosterman and L. J. Johnson. 1967. Corn plant maturity. 3. Distribution of nitrogen in corn plant treated with limestone, urea and diammonium phosphate. J. Anim. Sci. 26:394-399.
  14. Lindberg, J. E. 1985. Estimation of rumen degradability of feed proteins with the in sacco technique and various in vitro methods: A review. Acta Agric. Scand. Supplement 25:64-97.
  15. McDonald, P. 1981. The Biochemistry of Silage. John Wiley and Sons, Ltd., England.
  16. McDonald, P., R. A. Edwards, J. F. D. Greenhalgh and C. A. Mogran. 1995. Animal Nutrition. Singapore:Longman Scientific & Technical.
  17. Mischustin, E. N. 1969. Influence of urea on the microbiological processes and nitrogen content of silage. In: Proceedings of the 3rd General Meeting of the European Grassland Federation. Braunschweig. pp. 229-235.
  18. National Research Council. 1988. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. 6th Ed. National Academic Press. Washington DC.
  19. Office of Agricultural and Economics. 2002. http://www.oae.go.th/statistic/yearbook/2001-2002.
  20. Orskov, E. R. and A. Z. Mehrez. 1977. The estimation of protein degradation from basal feeds in the rumen of sheep. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. 36, 78A.
  21. Paengkoum, P., J. B. Liang, M. Basery and Z. A. Jelan. 2001. Ruminal and intestinal digestibility of tropical protein foliages in cattle. KKU Annual Agricultural Seminar for Year 2001.
  22. Rangnekar, D. V. 1988. Availability and intensive utilization of sugar cane by product. In: Non-conventional Feed Resources and Fibrous Agricultural Residues: Strategies for Expanded Utilization. International Development Research Center. Indian Council of Agricultural Research. Bhartiyaa Agro-Industries Foundation, India.
  23. Shirley, J. E., L. D. Brown, F. R. Toman and W. H. Stroube. 1972. Influence of varying amounts of urea on the fermentation pattern and nutritive value of corn silage. J. Dairy Sci. 55:805-810.
  24. SAS Institute Inc. 1985. SAS Users’ Guide: Statistics. Cary, NC.
  25. Steel, R. G. D. and J. H. Torrie. 1980. Principles and Procedures of Statistics: A Biometric Approach (5th Ed). McGraw Hill: New York.
  26. Suksombat, W. 1997. The effect of feeding 4 different roughagemixed on dairy cow performances in late lactation. Suranaree J. Technol. 3(3):139-145.
  27. Suksombat, W. 1998a. Effect of feeding fresh forage and 3 roughage-mixed on dairy cow performances in early lactation during rainy season. Suranaree J. Technol. 3(5):80-87.
  28. Suksombat, W. 1998b. Effect of feeding fresh forage and 3 roughage-mixed on dairy cow performances in mid lactation during rainy season. Thai J. Agric. Sci. 31(2):224-234.
  29. Suksombat, W. 1999. Effect of feeding fresh forage and 3 roughage-mixed rations on dairy cow performances in early lactation during dry season. Suranaree J. Technol. 5:150-157.
  30. Suksombat, W. 2000. Effect of feeding fresh forage and 3 roughage-mixed rations on dairy cow performances in mid lactation during dry season. Suranaree J. Technol. 6:130-136.
  31. Suksombat, W., K. Jullanand, N. Utaida and S. Piasangka. 1999. Various chemical treatments of bagasse. In: Proceeding of Quality control in animal production: Nutrition, management, health and product. Chiang Mai University, Thailand.
  32. Woolford, M. K. 1984. The Silage Fermentation. Marcell Dekker, Inc. New York. p. 350.

피인용 문헌

  1. Effect of inclusion of grasses and wet hulless-barley distillers? grains on the fermentation and nutritive quality of oat straw- and straw-grass silages in Tibet vol.53, pp.5, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1071/AN12196