Induction Chemotherapy Followed by Radiotherapy for Stage IV Hypopharyngeal Cancer

4기 병기 하인두암에서 선행 항암화학요법후 방사선치료

  • Kang Ki Mun (Departments of Radiation Oncology, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Chai Gyu Young (Departments of Radiation Oncology, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Kim Jin Pyeong (Departments of Otolaryngology, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Lee Won Seop (Departments of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University)
  • 강기문 (경상대학교 의과대학 방사선종양학과) ;
  • 채규영 (경상대학교 의과대학 방사선종양학과) ;
  • 김진평 (경상대학교 의과대학 이비인후과) ;
  • 이원섭 (경상대학교 의과대학 내과)
  • Published : 2004.12.01

Abstract

Purpose: Hypopharyngeal cancer is diagnosed at the advanced stage in most cases, which the prognosis known to be poor. Thus, the efficacy of induction chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy, with regards to the response and survival rate for stage IV hypopharyngeal cancer patients, was examined. Materials and Methods: From July 1998 to February 2000, 18 cases were diagnosedas AJCC stage IV hypopharyngeal cancer without distant metastasis. These patients were treated with induction chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy, and the results retrospectively analyzed. The regimen of the induction chemotherapy was the 5-FU and cisplatincombination, at 3-week intervals for, 2 cycles. The total radiation dose for the primary lesion and metastatic lymph nodes was $68.4\~72.0$Gy (median: 70.2 Gy). Results: The: The median follow up period was 28 months, ranging from 7 to 99 months. The 3-year overall survival and disease-free survival rate were 41.7 and $31.1\%$, respectively. In 6 cases ($33.3\%$), conservation of the larynx for over 3 years was possible. After the induction chemotherapy there were 16 partial responses ($88.8\%$), 1 complete response and 1 with no response ($5.6\%$ each), therefore, 17 of the 18 cases ($94.6\%$) showed responses. After the completion of the induction chemotherapy and radiotherapy, a complete response was noted in 13 cases ($72.2\%$), a partial response in 5 ($27.8\%$), with an overall response rate of $100\%$. In the analysis of the prognostic factors influencing the survival rate, the 3-year and disease-free survival rates for the complete and partial response groups were 43.1, and $20.0\%$, and 39.6, and $20.0\%$, respectively (p=0.0003, p=0.002). Only the final response after treatment completion was statistically significant. Conclusion: For stage IV hypopharyngeal cancer, induction chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy was an effective treatment, with no severe side effects.

목적: 하인두암은 대부분 진행되어 진단이 되며 예후가 불량한 것으로 알려져 있다. 이에 4기 병기 하인두암에서 선행 항암화학요법 후 방사선치료를 시행하여 반응과 생존율에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1989년 7월부터 2000년 2월까지 원격전이가 없었던 AJCC 병기 4기의 하인두암으로 진단되어 선행 항암화학요법후 방사선치료를 받았던 18예를 대상으로 후향적 분석을 하였다. 선행화학요법은 5-FU와 cisplatln을 병용하여 3주 간격으로 모든 환자에서 2회 시행하였다. 총방사선량은 원발병소와 전이된 임파절에 $6834\~72.0$Gy까지 조사하였다(중앙값: 70.2 Gy). 결과: 추적관찰기간은 7개월에서 99개월이었다(중앙값 28개월). 3년 생존율 및 무병생존율은 각각 $41.7\%$, $31.1\%$였다. 6예($33.3\%$)에서 3년 이상 후두 보존이 가능하였다. 선행 항암화학요법 후 16예($88.8\%$)에서 부분관해를 보였고, 완전관해, 무반응은 각각 1예($5.6\%$)에서 관찰되었다. 모든 치료가 끝난 후 치료 반응으로 완전관해는 13예($72.2\%$), 부분관해가 5예($27.8\%$)로 반응률은 $100\%$였다. 생존율에 영향을 미치는 예후인자에 대한 분석에서 선행 항암화학요법과 방사선치료 후에 완전관해를 보인 군과 부분관해를 보인 군의 3년 생존율과 무병생존율이 각각 $43.1\%$ $20.0\%$$39.6\%$, $20.0\%$로 의미있는 차이를 보였으며(p=0.0003, p=0.002) 모든 치료가 끝난 후 최종 치료 반응만이 통계학적으로 유의성이 있었다. 결론: 4기 병기 하인두암에서 선행 항암화학요법 후의 방사선치료는 심각한 부작용없이 효과적이었다.

Keywords

References

  1. Emami B, Schmidt-ullrich RK. Hypopharynx. In: Perez CA, Brady LW, Halperin EC, eds. Principles and Practice of Radiation Oncology. 4th ed. Philadelpia, PA: Lippincott Co. 2004:1071-1093
  2. Pfister DG, Hu KS, Lefebvre JL. Cancer of the hypopharynx and cervical esophagus. In: Harrison LB, Sessions RB, Hong WK, eds. Head and Neck Cancer. 2nd ed. Philadelpia, PA: Lippincott Co. 2004:404-454
  3. Sha JP, Shaha AR, Spiro RH. Carcinoma of the hypopharynx. Am J Surg 1976;132:439-443 https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9610(76)90315-9
  4. Hoffman HT, Kamell LH, Shah JP, et al. Hypopharyngeal cancer patient care evaluation. Laryngoscope 1997;107:1005-1017 https://doi.org/10.1097/00005537-199708000-00001
  5. Kajanti M, Mantyla M. Carcinoma of the hypopharynx. A retrospective analysis of the treatment results over a 25-year period. Acta Oncol 1990;29:903-907 https://doi.org/10.3109/02841869009096387
  6. Strong EW. Site of treatment failure of head and neck cancer. Cancer Treat Symp 1983;2:15-20
  7. Hong WK, Bromer R. Current concepts: chemotherapy in head and neck cancer. New Engl J Med 1983;308:75-79 https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM198301133080204
  8. Kohno N. The role of chemotherapy for advanced oro- and hypopharyngeal cancer. Auris Nasus Larynx 2004;31:113-118 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anl.2004.02.001
  9. Gilbert J, Forastiere AA. Organ preservation for cancer of the larynx: current indications and future directions. Semin Radiat Oncol 2004;14:167-177 https://doi.org/10.1053/j.semradonc.2003.12.003
  10. Kraus DH, Pfister DG, Harrison LB, et al. Larynx preservation with combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy in advanced hypopharynx cancer. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1994;111:31-37 https://doi.org/10.1177/019459989411100108
  11. Greene FL, Page DL Fleming ID, et al. AJCC cancer staging handbook from the AJCC cancer staging manual. 6th ed. New York: Springer Co. 2002
  12. Miller AB, Hoogstraten B, Ataquet M, Winkler A. Reporting results of cancer treatment. Cancer 1981;47:207-214 https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19810101)47:1<207::AID-CNCR2820470134>3.0.CO;2-6
  13. Cox JD, Stetz J, Pajak TF. Toxicity criteria of the radiation therapy oncology group (RTOG) and the European organization for research and the treamtnet of cancer (EORTC). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1995;31:1341-1346 https://doi.org/10.1016/0360-3016(95)00060-C
  14. Kaplan EL, Meier P. Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observation. J Am Stat Assoc 1958;53:670-677
  15. Vikram B, Strong EW, Shah J, Spiro R. Failure at the primary site following multi-modality treatment for advanced head and neck cancer. Head Neck Surg 1984;6:720-723 https://doi.org/10.1002/hed.2890060303
  16. Kojima K, Suzuki K, Ito Y, et al. Tracking of hypopharyngeal carcinoma over 10 years. Acta Otolaryngol 1996;525:146-150
  17. Kim S, Wu HG, Heo DS, et al. Advanced hypopharyngeal carcinoma treatment results according to treatment modalities. Head Neck 2001;23:713-717 https://doi.org/10.1002/hed.1101
  18. Leon X, Quer M, Orus C, et al. Results of an organ preservation protocol with induction chemotherapy and radiotherapy in patients with locally advanced pyriform sinus carcinoma. Head Neck Oncol 2002;259:32-36
  19. Wang SG, Lee BJ, Goh EK, et al. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy for the treatment of hypopharyngeal cancer. Korean J Otolaryngol - Head Neck Surg 2003;46:1058-1063
  20. Major MS, Bumpous JM, Flynn MB, et al. Quality of life after treatment for advanced laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer. Laryngoscope 2001;111:1379-1382 https://doi.org/10.1097/00005537-200108000-00012
  21. Okamoto M, Takahashi H, Yao K, et al. Clinical impact of using chemoradiotherapy as a primary treatment for hypopharyngeal cancer. Acta Otolaryngol 2002;547:11-14
  22. Schantz SP, Harrison LB, Forastiere AA. Tumors of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx, oral cavity and oropharynx. In: Devita VT, Hellman S, Rosenberg SA, eds. Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncoloy, 6th ed. Philadelpia, PA: Lippincott Co. 2001:797-860
  23. Tombolini V, Santarelli M, Raffetto N, et al. Radiotherapy in the treatment of stage III-IV hypopharyngeal carcinoma. Anticancer Res 2004;24:349-354
  24. Kim S, Wu HG, Heo DS, Park CI. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy in locally advanced hypopharyngeal cancer. J Korean Soc Ther Radiol Oncol 2000;18:244-250
  25. Kim KH, Sung MW, Rhee CS, et al. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy for the treatment of advanced hypopharyngeal carcinoma. Am J Otolaryngol 1998;19:40-44 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0196-0709(98)90064-3
  26. Shin BC, Yum HY, Moon CW, Jeong TS. Results of radiotherapy in hypopharyngeal cancer. Korean Soc Ther Radiol Oncol 2002;20:206-214
  27. Pfreundner L, Hoppe F, Willner J, et al. Induction chemotherapy with paclitaxel and cisplatin and CT-based 3D radiotherapy in patients with advanced laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinomas - a possibility for organ preservation. Radiother Oncol 2003;68:163-170 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8140(03)00076-8
  28. Rudat V, Wannenmacher M. Role of multimodal treatment in oropharynx, larynx, and hypopharynx cancer. Semin Surg Oncol 2001;20:66-74 https://doi.org/10.1002/ssu.1018