A Clinical Study of Aseptic Meningitis in the Busan Area in 2002

2002년 부산 지역에서 유행한 무균성 뇌막염에 대한 임상적 고찰

  • Received : 2003.03.15
  • Accepted : 2003.06.30
  • Published : 2003.09.15

Abstract

Purpose : There was a outbreak of aseptic meningitis in Busan, 2002. We report the clinical features and causative viruses. Methods : Two hundred seventy six children with aseptic meningitis who were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics, Maryknoll Hospital between January and December, 2002 were included. CSF, stool and throat swab viral cultures were done in 244 of these children. Results : The male to female ratio was 1.4 : 1. Age of patients varied from five months to fourteen years old. Average age was $5.7{\pm}6.2years$ old and mostly between one and four years.(41.3%) Monthly distribution revealed that the number of patients increased from May to July. The main symptoms were fever, headache and vomiting in this order. Respiratory tract infection symptom was associated from June to July and headache and nausea without fever were characteristically observed in children more than 10 years old from November to December. In peripheral blood examination, leukocytosis(WBC>$10,000/mm^3$) showed in 34.8%, ESR was increased in 56.1%, and CRP was positive value in 61%. Therefore differential diagnosis was difficult through peripheral blood examination. CSF findings revealed mean leukocyte count $86.5{\pm}180.2/mm^3$, protein $41.7{\pm}32.9mg/dL$, glucose $56.4{\pm}9.9mg/dL$. Median hospitalized period was $4.7{\pm}7.2days$ and compared with non-tapping group, hospitalized period was shorter and subsidance of symptoms was faster, therefore antibiotics injection period was shorter in the spinal tapping group. Virus was isolated in 31 cases of 244. The causative agents were echovirus 6, echovirus 9, echovirus 25, coxsakie virus B3, B4. Conclusion : There was an epidemics of aseptic meningitis in Busan, 2002; the causative agent was echovirus 6, 9, 25, coxsakie virus B3, B4.

목 적 : 2002년 부산 지역에서 집중 발생한 무균성 뇌막염의 임상 양상 및 원인 바이러스를 알아보고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 2002년 1월부터 12월까지 부산 메리놀병원에 무균성 뇌막염으로 입원하였던 276명의 환아를 대상으로 임상 소견을 조사하였고, 이 중 244명은 뇌척수액, 대변, 인후 도말 검체로 바이러스 배양 검사를 실시하였다. 결 과 1) 성별 분포는 남아 160례, 여아 116례로 남녀비는 1.4 : 1이었다. 2) 연령별 분포는 5개월에서 14세까지였으며, 평균 연령은 $5.7{\pm}6.2$세였고, 1-4세에서 114례(41.3%)로 호발하였다. 3) 환자의 발생 시기는 5-7월에 집중 발생하였다. 4) 임상 증상은 발열, 두통, 구토 순으로 나타났고, 6-7월에는 호흡기계 감염 증상이 동반되었으며, 11-12월에는 10세 이상의 소아에서 발열 없이 두통 및 오심이 특징적으로 나타났다. 5) 말초 혈액 소견상 $10,000/mm^3$ 이상이 34.8%, ESR 20 mm/hr 이상이 56.1%, CRP 양성이 61.0%로 말초 혈액 검사로는 세균성 감염과 감별 진단이 어려웠다. 6) 뇌척수액 검사상 백혈구수는 $86.5{\pm}180.2/mm^3$, 단백질은 평균 $41.7{\pm}32.9mg/dL$, 당은 평균 $56.4{\pm}9.9mg/dL$이었다. 7) 재원 기간은 평균 $4.7{\pm}7.2$일이었고, 이 중 요추 천자를 시행한 군이 시행하지 않은 군에 비해 재원 기간이 훨씬 짧고 증상 소실도 빨랐으며, 항생제 사용 기간도 짧았다. 8) 뇌척수액 바이러스 배양 검사상 echovirus 6이 14례, echovirus 9가 8례, coxsakie virus B3가 4례, echovirus 25가 1례, coxsakie virus B4가 1례, untypable virus가 4례에서 검출 되었다. 결 론 : 2002년도에 부산 지역에서 무균성 뇌막염의 대유행이 있었으며, 원인 바이러스는 echovirus 6, 9, 25, coxsakie virus B3, B4이었다.

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