ALGAE

The Korean Society of Phycology (한국조류학회(藻類))
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

UV-B Effects on Growth and Nitrate Dynamics in Antarctic Marine Diatoms Chaetoceros neogracile and Stellarima microtrias

중파 자외선에 노출된 남극 규조 Chaetoceros neogracile와 Stellarima microtrias의 성장과 질산염 흡수량의 변화

  • Published : 2003.03.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Two isolated Antarctic marine diatoms, Chaetoceros neogracile VanLandingham and Stellarima microtrias (Ehrenberg) Hasle and Sims were examined to show changes of growth and uptake rate of nitrate due to UV-B irradiance. Chlorophyll (chl) a concentration was regarded as the growth index of diatom. The diatoms were treated with UV-B radiation and cultured for 4 days under cool-white fluorescent light without UV-B radiation. Two levels of UV-B exposures were applies: 1 and 6 W $m^{-2}$. Durations of UV-B treatment were 20, 40 and 60 minutes under 6 W $m^{-2}$ and 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 hrs under 1 W $m^{-2}$. The control groups were cultured at the same time without UV-B radiation. The growth rates of two diatoms decreased under 1 and 6 W $m^{-2}$ UV-B irradiances than that of control group. After 4 days, chl a concentrations of C. neogracile were increased more than 4 times from 133 μgo$l^{-1}$ to 632 μgo$l^{-1}$ in control group. However, the concentration of experimental groups under 1 W $m^{-2}$ UV-B were only increased from 139 μgo$l^{-1}$ to 421 μgo$l^{-1}$ during one hour and the chl a concentrations were decreased from 144 μgo$l^{-1}$ to 108 μgo$l^{-1}$ during five hour. Growth of diatom dramatically more decreased under 6 W $m^{-2}$ UV-B than 1 W $m^{-2}$ UV-B. The chl a concentration of experimental groups under 6 W $m^{-2}$ UV-B for one hour was only increased from 111 μgo$l^{-1}$ to 122 μgo$l^{-1}$. In the case of S. microtrias showed also similar pattern to C. neogracile by UV-B radiation. The uptake rates of nitrate by the two strains were decreased abruptly under 6 W $m^{-2}$ UV-B irradiances. When two strains were treated under 1 and 6 W $m^{-2}$ UV-B during one hour, the strains were only continued growth and uptake of nitrate under 1 W $m^{-2}$ UV-B. This experimental evidence shows that exposure to UV-B radiation especially to high irradiance of UV-B decreases diatom survival and causes lower decrease of nutrient concentrations by microalgae in Antarctic water. Furthermore, evidence suggests that microalgal communities confined to near-surface waters in Antarctica will be harmed by increased UV-B radiation, thereby altering the dynamics of Antarctic marine ecosystems.

Keywords

References

  1. Arar E.J. and Collins G.B. 1997. In vitro determination of Chlorophyll a and Phaeophytin a in marine and freshwatter algae by fluorescence. National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati. 22 pp.
  2. Boucher N.P. and Prezelin B.B. 1993. Ozone dependent UV effects versus UV-B specific effects on primary production in the Southern Ocean, how and when to consider an UV-spectral correction of direct field measurement?Antarct. J. U.S. 27: 117-119.
  3. Buma A.G., van Hannen E.J., Veldhuis M.J.W., Roza L. and Gieskes W.W.C. 1995. Monitoring ultraviolet-B induced DNA damage in individual diatom cells by immunofluorescent thymine dimer detection. J. Phycol. 31: 314-321. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3646.1995.00314.x
  4. Buma A.G., van Oijen T., van de Poll W., Veldhuis M.J.W., Roza L. and Gieskes W.W.C. 2000. The sensitivity of Emiliania huxleyi (Prymnesiophyceae) to ultraviolet-B radiation. J, Phycol. 36: 296-303. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1529-8817.2000.99155.x
  5. Cullen J.J. and Neale P.J. 1994. Ultraviolet radiation, ozone depletion, and marine photosynthesis. Photosyn. Res. 39: 303-320. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00014589
  6. Gala W.R. and Giesy J.P. 1991. Effects of ultraviolet radiation on the primary production of natural phytoplankton assemblages in Lake Michigan. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety 22: 345-361. https://doi.org/10.1016/0147-6513(91)90084-3
  7. Gieskes W.W.C. and Buma A.G.J. 1997. UV damage to plant life in a photobiologically dynamic environment: the case of marine phytoplnkton. Plant Ecol. 128: 16-25.
  8. Guillard R.R.L. and Ryther J.R. 1962. Studies of marine planktonic diatoms. I. Cyclotella nana Hustedt and Detonula confervacea (Clave) Gran. Com. J. Microbiol. 8: 229-239. https://doi.org/10.1139/m62-029
  9. Hader D.P., Worrest R.C., Kumar H.D. and Smith R.C. 1995. Effects of increased solar ultraviolet radiation on aquatic ecosystems. Ambio 24: 174-180.
  10. Helbling E.W., Chalker B.E., Dunlap W.C., Holm-Hansen O. and Villafane V.E. 1996. Photoacclimation of Antarctic marine diatoms to solar ultraviolet radiation. J. Exper. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 204: 85-101. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(96)02591-9
  11. Helbling E.W., Villafafte V. and Holm-Hansen O. 1994. Effects of ultraviolet radiation on Antarctic marine phytoplankton photosynthesis with particular attention to the influences of mixing. In: Weiler C.S. and Penhale P.A. (eds), Ultraviolet Radiation and Biological Research in Antarctica. Antar. Res. Ser. 62: 207-227.
  12. Helbling E.W., Villafafte V.E., Perratio M. and Holm-Hansen O. 1992. Impact of natural ultraviolet radiation on specific marine phytoplankton species. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 80: 89-100. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps080089
  13. Hobson L.A. and Hartley F.A. 1983. Ultraviolet irradiance and primary production in a Vancouver Island fijord, British Columbia. Can. J. Plank. Res. 5: 325-331. https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/5.3.325
  14. Holm-Hansen O., Lubin D. and Helbling E.W. 1993. UVR and its effects on organisms in the aquatic environment. In: Young A.R., Bjon L.O., Moan J. and Nultsch W. (eds), Environmental UV Photobiology. Plenum Press, New York, pp. 379-425.
  15. Holm-Hansen O., Mitchell B.G. and Vernet M. 1989. Ultraviolet radiation in Antarctic waters: Effects on rates of primary production. Antarct. J.U.S. 24: 177-178.
  16. Jokiel P.L. and York R.H. 1984. Importance of ultraviolet radiation in photoinhibition of microalgal growth. Limnol. Oceanogr.29: 192-199. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1984.29.1.0192
  17. Kang J.-S., Kang S.-H. and Lee J.H. 1999. UV Effect of the Antarctic diatoms under culture condition. Algae 14: 117-126.
  18. Kang J.-S., Kang S.-H., Lee J.H. and S. Lee. 2002. Seasonal variation of microalgal assemblages at a fixed station in King George Island, Antarctica, 1996. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 229: 19-32. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps229019
  19. Karentz D. 1989. Report on studies related to the ecological implications of ozone depletion on the Antarctic environment. Antarct. J.U.S. 24: 175-176.
  20. Karentz D. 1994. Ultraviolet tolerance mechanisms in Antarctic marine organisms. In: Weiler C.S. and Penhale P.A. (eds), Ultraviolet Radiation and Biological Research in Antarctica. Antar. Res. Ser. 62: 93-110.
  21. Martini B., Marangoni R., Gioffre D. and Colombetti G. 1997. Effects of UV-B irradiation on the motility and photomotility of the marine ciliate Fabrea salina. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biol. 39: 197-203. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1011-1344(96)07474-X
  22. Marchant H.J., Davidson A.T. and Kelly G.J. 1991. UV-B protecting pigments in the marine alga phaecystis pouchetii from Antarctica. Mar. Biol. 109: 391-395. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01313504
  23. Prezelin B.B., Moline M.A. and MatIick H.A. 1998. Icecolors '93: Spectral DV radiation effects on Antarctic frazil ice algae. In: Lizotte M.P. and Arrigo K.R. (eds), Antarctic sea ice. Biological processes, interactions and variability. Antarctic. Res. Ser. 73: 45-83.
  24. Riegger L. and Robinson D. 1997. Photoinduction of UV-absorbing compounds in Antarctic diatoms and Phaeocystis antarctica. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 160: 13-25. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps160013
  25. Smith R.C. and Nelson D.M. 1986. Importance of ice-edge phytoplankton production in the Southern Ocean. Bioscience 36: 251-257. https://doi.org/10.2307/1310215
  26. Smith R.C., Prezelin B.B., Baker K.S., Bidigare R.R., Boucher N.P., Coley T., Karentz D., Macintyre S., Matlick R.A., Menzies D., Ondrus M., Wan Z. and Waters K.J.1992. Ozone depletion: Ultraviolet radiation and phytoplankton biology in Antarctic waters. Science 255: 952-959. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1546292
  27. Stolarski R.S., Kruenger A.J., Schoeberl M.R., McPeters R.D., Newman P.A . and Alpert J.C. 1986. Nimbus 7 satellite measurements of the springtime Antarctic ozone decrease. Nature 322: 808-811. https://doi.org/10.1038/322808a0
  28. Stolarski R.S., Bojkov R., Bishop L., Zerefos C., Staehelin J. and Zawondy J. 1992. Measure trends in stratosphericozone, Science 256: 342-349. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.256.5055.342
  29. Veth C. 1991. The evolution of the upper water layer in the marginal ice zone, austral spring 1988, Scotia-Weddell Sea. J. Mar, Syst. 2: 451-464. https://doi.org/10.1016/0924-7963(91)90046-W
  30. Vincent W.F. and Roy S. 1993. Solar ultraviolet-B radiation and aquatic primary production: damage, protection and recovery. Environ. Rev. 1: 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1139/a93-001
  31. Weiler S. and Penhale P.A. 1994. Ultraviolet radiation in Antarctica: measurements and biological effects. Antarct. Res. Ser. 62: 1-257.

Cited by

  1. The study on highly expressed proteins as a function of an elevated ultraviolet radiation in the copepod, Tigriopus japonicus vol.47, pp.2, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12601-012-0008-4