Journal of Veterinary Clinics (한국임상수의학회지)

The Korean Society of Veterinary Clinics (한국임상수의학회)
권호 표지

Histopathological Observations on the Renal Injury in Rats Administered with Enrofloxacin and Oxalate

Oxalate와 Enrofloxacin 투여한 랫트신장에 대한 병리조직학적관찰

  • Published : 2003.12.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

To investigate the renal effects of enrofloxacin administration on rats induced with dehydration or hyperoxaluria, male rats were treated with enrofloxacin of 50 mg to 500 mg/kg b.w.. The microscopical observations of kidney and urine sediment were carried out in the experimental groups. The result obtained were as follows; The male rats deprived of water for 72 hours and administered with enrofloxacin. As enrofloxacin administration dose was increased, clinical signs such as loss of appetite, depression, weakness, and loss of urine output became more severe. In the histopathological findings, there were hyperemia and hemorrhage in renal cortex, vacuolation and necrosis of renal tubular epithelia, proteinous casts within renal tubules. The male rats were orally administered with sodium oxalate and injected with enrofloxacin for 7days. As enrofloxacin administration dose was increased, clinical signs such as the loss of appetite and water consumption, and weakness became more severe. In the histopathological findings, there are hemorrhage of glomeruli and cortical hyperemia, vacuolation and necrosis of tubular epithelia, proteinous casts in renal tubules. In the microscopical findings of urine sediment, there are calcium oxalate crystal (diamond-like type) and magnesium ammonium phosphate crystals (rhomboid). The male rats were intraperitoneally injected with sodium oxalate and administered with enrofloxacin for 7days. As enrofloxacin administration dose was increased, clinical signs such as the loss of appetite and water consumption, weakness were more severe. In the histopathological findings, there were hyperemia and hemorrhage in both glomeruli and renal cortex. Severe necrosis of renal tubular epithelia, bluish materials within renal tubules were also found. In the microscopical findings of urine sediment, there were many calcium oxalate crystals. The present results suggest that enrofloxacin has some injurious effects in rats having dehydration or hyperoxaluria, and clinically, we should consider these renal injury effects when we use enrofloxacin in patients accompanied renal disease, dehydration and hyperoxaluria conditions.

Keywords

References

  1. Ross SJ, Osborn CA, Lulich JP, Polzin DJ, Ulich LK Koehler LA, Bird KA, Swanson LL. Canine and felin nephrolithiasis. Epidemiology, detection and management. Ve Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 1999; 29(1): 231-250
  2. 병리학. 대한병리학회편. 고문사, 1991: 937-938
  3. 해리슨내과학. 해리슨내과학 편찬위원회편. 도서출판 청담 1997: 1430-1435
  4. 가축생리학. 제3판. 도서출판 광일문화사. 1996: 397
  5. 독성 병리도감. 청구문화사. 2001: 77-83
  6. Vancutsem PM, Babish JG, Schwark WS. The fluoroqui-nolone antimicrobials: Structure, antimicrobial activity, pharmacokinetics, clinical use in domestic animals and toxicity. Comell Vet 1990; 80: 173-186
  7. Ball P. Ciprofloxacin and overview of adverse experiments. J Antimicrob Chemother, 1986; 18(supp1 D): 187-193
  8. Veterinary Drug Handbook. 3rd ed Iowa State. Plumb. 1998: 238-241
  9. Neer TM. Clinical pharmacologic features of fluoroquinolone antimicrobial drugs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1988; 193: 577-580
  10. Nouaille-Degorce B, Veau C, Dautrey S, Tod M, Laouari D, Carbon C, Fahnotti R. Influence of Renal Failure on Cipro-floxacin Pharmacokinetics in Rats. J Antimicrob Chemother 1998; 42: 289-292 https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/42.3.289
  11. Rao GS, Ramesh S, Ahmad AH, Tripathi HC, Sharma LD, Malik JK. Effect of endotoxin-induced fever and probenecid on disposition of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacinafter intravascular administration of enrofloxacin in goats. J Vet Pharmacol Therap 2000; 23: 365-372 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2885.2000.00295.x
  12. Schluter G. Ciprofloxacin : Review of potential toxicologic effects. Am J Med., 1987; 82(suppl 4A): 91-93
  13. Bayer Corporation. $Baytril^\circled R$(enrofloxacin) 3.23% Concentrate Antimicrobial Solution Guide Sheet. 2001: 1
  14. Khan SR, Shevock PN, Hackett RL. Acute hyperoxaluria, renal injury and calcium oxalate urolithiasis. J Urol 1, 1992; 47: 226-230
  15. Adhirai M, Sakthivel R, Selvam R. Effect of cyclosporin A treatment on renal calcium oxalate binding in experimental hyperoxaluria. Mol Cell Biochem 2002; 236: 1-5 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016124428867
  16. Lenin M, Thiagarajan A, Nagaraj M, Varalakshmi P. Attenuation of oxalate-induced nephrotoxicity by eicosapen-taenoate-lipoate(EPA-LA) derivative in experimental rat model. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2001; 65: 265-270 https://doi.org/10.1054/plef.2001.0324
  17. Sidhu H, Allison MJ, Chow JM, dark A, Peck AB. Rapid reversal of hyperoxaluria in a rat model after probiotic administration of Oxalobacter formigenes. J Urol 2001; 166: 1487-1491 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(05)65817-X
  18. Vidya L, Varalakshmi P. Control of urinary risk factors of stones by betulin and lupeol in experimental hyperoxaluna. Fitoterapia. 2000; 71: 535-543 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(00)00192-1
  19. Toblli JE, Ferder L, Stella I, Angerosa M, Inserra F. Protective role of enalapril for chronic tubulointerstitial lesions of hyperoxaluria. J Urol 2001; 166:275-280 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(05)66144-7
  20. Selvam R, Kalaiselvi P. Studies on calcium oxalate binding proteins: effect of lipid peroxidation. Nephron 2001; 88:163-167 https://doi.org/10.1159/000045978
  21. Schmiedl A, Schwille PO, Bonucci E, Erben RG, Grayczyk A, Shanna V. Nephrocalcinosis and hyperlipidemia in rats fed a cholesterol- and fat-rich diet: association with hyperoxaluria, altered kidney and bone minerals, and renal tissue phospholipid-calcium interaction. Urol Res 2000; 28: 404-415 https://doi.org/10.1007/s002400000144
  22. Khan SR, Thamilselvan S. Nephrolithiasis: a consequence of renal epithelial cell exposure to oxalate and calcium oxalate crystals. Mol Urol 2000; 4: 305-312
  23. Khan SR, Hackett RL. Retention of calcium oxalate crystals in renal tubules, Scanning Microsc 1991; 5: 707-712
  24. Fan J, Chandhoke PS, Grampsas SA. Role of sex hormones in experimental calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis. J Am Soc Nephrol, Suppl 1999; 14: 376-380
  25. Lee YH, Huang WC, Chiang H, Chen MT, Huang JK, Chang LS. Determinant role of testosterone in the pathogenesis of urolithiasis in rats. J Urol 1992; 147: 1134-1138
  26. Thamilselvan S, Khan SR. Oxalate and calcium oxalate crystals are injurious to renal epithelial cells : results of in vivo and in vitro studies. J Nephrol Suppl 1998: 66-69
  27. Muthukumar A, Selvam R. Renal injury mediated calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis, Role of lipid peroxidation. Ren Fail 1997; 19(3): 401-408 https://doi.org/10.3109/08860229709047726
  28. Thamilselvan S, Hackett RL, Khan SR. Lipid peroxidation in ethylene glycol induced hyperoxaluria and calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis. J Urol 1997; 157: 1059-1063 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(01)65141-3
  29. Khan SR. Animal models of kidney stone formation, An analysis. World J Urol 1997; 15: 236-243 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01367661
  30. Khan SR. Calcium oxalate crystal interaction with renal tubular epithelium, mechanism of crystal adhesion and its impact on stone development. Urol Res 1995; 23: 71-79 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00307936
  31. Khan SR, Hackett RL. Hyperoxaluria, enzymuha and nephrolithiasis. Contrib Nephrol 1993; 101: 190-193
  32. Khan SR. Experimental calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis and the formation of human urinary stones, Scanning Microsc 1995; 9: 89-100
  33. de Bruijn WC, Boeve ER, van Run PR, van Miert PP, de Water R, Romijn JC, Verkoelen CF, Cao LC, Schroder FH. Etiology of calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis in rats. I. Can this be a model for human stone formation? Scanning Microsc 1995; 9: 103-14
  34. Coe FL, Parks JH. Pathophysiology of kidney stones and strategies for treatment. Hosp Pract 1988; 23: 145-168
  35. Finlayson B. Calcium stones : Some physical and clinical aspects, ed. by David D.S. : In Calcium metabolic in renal failure and nephrolithiasis. Wiley, New York 1977: 337-382
  36. Finlayson B. Physiochemical aspects of urolithiasis. Kidney Int 1978; 13: 344-360 https://doi.org/10.1038/ki.1978.53
  37. Finlayson B, Khan SR, Hackett RL. Theoretical chemical models of urinary stone, ed. by Wickham J.E.A., Colin Burk A. In Renal tract stone - metabolic basis and clinical practice. Churchill Livingstone, New York 1990: 133-147
  38. Kok DJ, Khan SR. Cacium oxalate nephrolithiasis, a free or fixed particle disease. Kidney Int 1994; 46: 847-854 https://doi.org/10.1038/ki.1994.341
  39. Pak CY. Etiology and treatment of urolithiasis. Am J Kidney Dis 1991. 18: 624-637
  40. Kumar S, Sigmon D, MiIIer T, Carpenter B, Khan S, Malhotra R, Scheid C, Menon M. A new model of nephrolithiasis involving tubular dysfunction/injury. J Urol 1991; 146(5): 1384-1389
  41. Hackett RL, Shevock PN, Khan SR. Cell inrury associated calcium oxalate crystalluria. J Urol 1990; 144: 1535-1538
  42. Hebert JL, Auzepy P, Durand A. Acute human and experimental poisoning with diethylene glycol. Sem Hop 1983; 59(5): 344-349
  43. Nelson. Small Animal Internal Medicine. Mosby. 2nd edi 1998: 638-645
  44. Hering F, Bigalke KH, Lutzeyer W.. Interaction of hyper-uricuria and hyperoxaluria on renal calcium oxalate stone formation. Adv Exp Med Biol 1980; 122A: 99-107
  45. Tiselius HG, Berg C, Fomander AM, Nilsson MA. Effect of citrate on the different phases of calcium oxalate crystallization. Scan Microsc 1993; 7: 381-389
  46. Kok DJ. Intratubular crystallization event. Word J Urol 1997; 15:219-228 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01367659
  47. de Water R, Noordermeer C, Theo H Van der Kwast, Horst Nisse, Egbert R Boeve, Kok DJ, Schorder FH. Calcium Oxalate Nephrolithiasis : Effect of Renal Crystal Deposition on the Cellular Composition of the Renal Interstitium. Am J Kid Dis 1999; 33(4): 761-771 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-6386(99)70231-3
  48. de Water R, Noordermeer C, Adriaan B, Houtsmuller, Nigg AL, Stijnen T, Fritz H, Schroder, Kok DJ. Role of Macrophages in Nephrolithiasis in rats : An Analysis of the Renal Interstitium. Am J Kid Dis 2000; 36(3): 615-625 https://doi.org/10.1053/ajkd.2000.16203
  49. Khan SR, Hackett RL. Urolithogenesis of Mixed Foreign Body Stones. J Urol 1987; 138: 1321-1328
  50. Massey LK, Palmer RG, Homer HT. Oxalate Content of Soybeen seeds(G1ycin max: Leguminosae), Soyfoods, and Other Edible Legumes. J Agric Food Chem, 2001; 49: 4262-4266 https://doi.org/10.1021/jf010484y
  51. Hess B. 'Bad dietary habits' and recurrent calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis. Nehprol. Dial Transplant 1998; 12: 1033 1038
  52. Chen CL, Fang HC, Chou KJ, Wang JS, Chung HM. Acute Oxalate Nephropathy After Ingestion of Star Fruit. Am J Kidney Dis 2001; 37(2): 418-422 https://doi.org/10.1053/ajkd.2001.21333
  53. Nguyen QV, Kalin A, Drouve U, Casez JP, Jaeger P. Sensitivity to meat protein intake and hyperoxaluha in idiopathic calcium stone former. Kid Intern 2001; 59: 2273-2281
  54. Thamilselvan S, Hackett RL, Khan SR. Lipid peroxidation in ethyene glycol induced hyperoxaluria and calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis. J Urol 1997; 157(3): 1059-63 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(01)65141-3
  55. Thamilselvan S, Khan SR. Oxalate and calcium oxalate crystals are injurious to renal epithelial cells: results of in vivo and in vitro studies. J Nehprol 1998; 11(Suppl l): 66-69
  56. Hess B, Nakagawa Y, Parks JH, Coe PL. Molecular abnormality of Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein in calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis. Am J Physiol , 1991; 265: 784-791
  57. Finlayson B, Khan SR, Hackett RL. Theoretical chemical models of urinary stone. In:Wickham JEA, Colin Burk A(eds) Renal tract stone-metabolic basis and clinical practice. Churchill Livingstone, New York 1990: 133-147
  58. Khan SR. Animal model of kidney stone formation : an analysis. World J Urol 1997; 15: 236-243 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01367661
  59. Josepoviz C, Levine R, Farmggella T, Kaloyanides GJ. Comparative effects of aminoglycosides on renal cortical and urianry phospholipids in the rat. Proc Soc Exp. Biol Med 1986; 182(1): 1-5 https://doi.org/10.3181/00379727-182-42300
  60. Khan SR, Woodward JC. Calcium oxalate urolithiasis, rat. in Jones TC, Mohr U, Hunt RD(eds) : Urinary System Monographs on Pathology of Laboratory Animals. 1986: 355-360
  61. Prentice DE, Majeed SK. Oral toxicity of polyethylene glycol(PEG200) in monkeys and rats. Toxicol Lett 1978; 2: 119-122 https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-4274(78)90084-X