Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering (한국표면공학회지)

The Korean Institute of Surface Engineering (한국표면공학회)
권호 표지

Plasma Aided Process As Alternative to Hard Chromium Electroplating

  • Kwon, Sik-Chol (Surface Engineering Department, IOM/KIMM) ;
  • Lee, K.H. (Surface Engineering Department, IOM/KIMM) ;
  • Kim, J.K. (Surface Engineering Department, IOM/KIMM) ;
  • Kim, M. (Surface Engineering Department, IOM/KIMM) ;
  • Lee, G.H. (Surface Engineering Department, IOM/KIMM) ;
  • Nam, K.S. (Surface Engineering Department, IOM/KIMM) ;
  • Kim, D. (Surface Engineering Department, IOM/KIMM) ;
  • Chang, D.Y.
  • Published : 2003.02.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This paper will present an overview of toxicity of hexavalent chromium as well as effort for its replacement by a wide spectrum of alternative materials and technologies. Cr-based materials such as trivalent electrodeposit will be one of strong candidates for hard chromium by surface modification of its surface hardness. Ni-base alloy deposits has proved its application in specific mold for glass. HVOF has been studied in aircraft and military sector. There are still under way of development for commercially available alternatives. To date, no single coating has been identified as universal process as comparable to conventional hard chromium electroplating.

Keywords

References

  1. K. C. Walter, K. T. Kern, J. R. Tesmer, W. K. Scarborough, J. S. Woodnng, M. Nastasi, Nitrogen and Boron Ion Implantation into Electrodeposited Hard Chrome, , 97 (1997) 250-253 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0257-8972(97)00194-1
  2. J. H. Lindsay, Special conference comes to grips with hexavalent Chromium, Plating & Surface Finishing, February (1995)
  3. D. V. Schiffelbein, Boeing's evaluation of a replacement for chromium plating : Ni-W-SiC composite electroplating
  4. New regulation controlling air emission from chromium electroplating and anodizing tanks, EPA (Environmental Protection Agency. web site, http://www.epa.gov/reg5oopa/genceat.htm
  5. B. D. Sartwell, P. M. Natishan, I. L. Singer, K. O. Legg, J. D. Schell, J. P. Sauer, Replacement of Chromium Electroplating using HVOF Thermal Spray coatings, HCAT (Hard Chrome Alternative Team. web site, http: //www.hcat.org/Pub-and-press.htm
  6. J. H. Lindsay, Decorative & Hard Chromium Plating, Plating & Surface Finishing, November (1998)
  7. R. Weiner, A. Walmsley, Chromium Plating, Finishing Publication Ltd
  8. T. Bleeks, G. Shawhan, New Electroless Nickel technology as an alternative to Hard Chromium plating, Metal Finishing, October (1989)
  9. T. Agladze, S. Bagaev, D. Gabe, V. Kudryavtsev, Ch. Raub, S. Schachameyer, N. Spyrelis, T. Tsupak, Compansion of physicochemical properties of Cr, Ni-P, Ni-Mo, Ni-W-P and Mn-Zn alloy coatings, Trans IMF, 75 (1) (1997) 30
  10. G. Graef, K. Anderson, J. Groza, A. Palazoglu, Novel Ternary Alloy for Chromium Replacement, The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, (1996)
  11. E. Groshart, Finishing in the Green, Metal Finishing, April (1997) 70
  12. E. Broszeit, C. Friedhch, G. Berg, Deposition properties and applications of PVD CrxN coatings, Surf. Coat. TechnoL, 115 (1999) 9-16 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0257-8972(99)00021-3
  13. B. Navinsek, P. Panjan, I. Milosev, Industrial applications of CrN (PVD. coatings, deposited at high and low temperature, Surf Coat. Technol.,97 (1997) 182-19 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0257-8972(97)00393-9
  14. K. C. Walter, J. T. Scheuer, P. C. Mc Intyre, P. Kodali, N. Yu, M. Nastasi, Increased wear resistance of electrodeposited chromium through applications of plasma source ion implantation techniques, Surf. Coat. Technol., 85 (1996) 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0257-8972(96)02886-1
  15. A. Chen, X. Qiu, K. Shdharan, W. G. Horne, R. A. Dodd, A. H. Hamdi, A. A. Elmoursi, G. W. Malaczynski, J. R. Conrad, Chromium plating pollution source reduction by plasma source ion implantation, Surf. Coat. Technol., 82 (1996) 305-310 https://doi.org/10.1016/0257-8972(95)02745-9
  16. F. N. Longo, Plasma-Sprayed coatings: an alternative to Hard Chromium, Plating & Surface Finishing, July (1985)
  17. P. M. Natishan, S. H. Lawrence, R. L. Foster, J. Lewis, B. D. Sartwell, Salt fog corrosion behavior of high-velocity oxygen-fuel thermal spray coatings compared to electrode-posited hard chromium, Surface and Coatings Technology, 130 (2000) 218-22 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0257-8972(00)00671-X