Cropping Systems for Vegetable Peanut and Environmental Effect of Residue Incorporation in Soil

풋땅콩 작부체계와 수확 후 잔존 유기물의 친환경적 효과

  • Published : 2003.12.01

Abstract

A new demand for vegetable peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in Korea has increased farmers interest in growing vegetable peanut. Compared to grain peanut production, vegetable peanut production enables the growth period to be shortened by 20 or 30 days and farmers to adopt various cropping systems and to return crop residues in the soil. With the purpose of establishing desirable cropping systems for sustainable vegetable peanut production, three field experiments were conducted from 2000 to 2001 at Milyang, the southeastern part of Korea. Main focuses were given into the effect of cropping systems for vegetable peanut production on each crop's yield and soil sustainability. The cropping systems investigated were single vegetable peanut, peanut-radish-green barley, peanut-barley, and peanut-garlic cropping system, with or without crop residue incorporation in the soil. Among the cropping systems investigated for sustainable vegetable peanut production, peanut-only and peanut-radish-green barley cropping systems showed vulnerable to diseases and lodging while peanut-barley and peanut-garlic cropping systems showed higher stability in response to diseases and lodging, consequently leading to higher yield potential of vegetable peanut production. In the peanut-barley cropping system, both barley and peanut residues returned to the soil played an important role in soil improvement as well as in significantly increased grain yield of peanut and barley. A particular notice was taken to the pronounced increase in Trichoderma population and the amount of nitrogen mineralization induced by the returned barley residue. Soil structure, compactness, pH, and fertility were positively influenced by the returned crop residues, which apparently increased sustainability in vegetable peanut production systems.

땅콩의 완전종실생산을 위해서는 150-180일의 생육기간이 소요되나 풋땅콩용으로 출하하면 총생육일수를 20-30일 정도 단축할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 수확후 지상부 잔존유기물도 많이 남게 된다. 땅콩재배기간 단축에 따른 풋땅콩-무, 보리, 마늘과의 relay-cropping system에서 수확후 잔존 유기물의 토양환원 유무에 따른 각 작물들의 생육과 토양의 이화학성, 미생물상의 변화양상에 관한 기초자료를 얻어 남부지역 풋땅콩 안정생산기술을 확립하고자 수행한 시험결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 작부체계별 시험후 토양경도는 풋땅콩 단작에서 가장 높았고, 토양 공 극율은 풋땅콩 단작 대비무, 보리, 마늘과 2모작 작부체계 처리에서 높 았으며 수확후 잔존유기물을 환원하였을 때 더욱 높아졌다. 2. 단작의 풋땅콩은 보리, 마늘과 2모작 작부체계상에서 재배된 풋땅콩에 비하여 도복 및 병 발생이 심하였다. 작부체계별 풋땅콩 수량은 단작에 비하여 풋땅콩-보리 및 풋땅콩-마늘 작부체계에서 증수하였으나, 유기 물 환원에 따른 수량 차이는 없었다. 3. 풋땅콩 후작의 마늘과 보리의 수량은 유기물 환원에 의하여 증대되었다. 4. C/N율이 높은 보리짚의 토양 환원에서 질소무기량이 증가하였고, 풋땅콩-보리와 풋땅콩-마늘의 작부체계에서 Pseudomonas spp.균 및 Trichoderma spp.균의 밀도가 높아져 풋땅콩의 친환경 작부체계로 추정되었다

Keywords

References

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