Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction (한국가축번식학회지)

The Korean Society of Animal Reproduction (한국동물번식학회)
권호 표지

Factors Involving Reprogramming in Cloned Embryos

  • Kim, N. H (Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • X. S. Cui (Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Kim, I. H. (Department of Veterinary Science, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Y. M. Han (Laboratory of Developmental and Differentiation, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology.)
  • Published : 2003.12.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Although nuclear transfer (NT) techniques are used to clone animals, its efficiency is very low. Moreover, nuclear transfer has resulted in offspring with severe developmental problems, probably due to incomplete nuclear reprogramming. Nuclear reprogramming is characterized by functional modification of the transferred nucleus to allow it to direct normal embryo development with the potential to grow to term. Although the nature of the reprogramming factor(s) in mammals is not clear, various nuclear as well as cytoplasmic components are involved in the processes. In this article we review recent data on factors involved in the nuclear reprogramming of cloned embryos.

Keywords

References

  1. Boiani, M., Eckardt, S., Scholer, H. R. and McLaughlin, K. J. 2002. Oct4 distribution and level in mouse clones: consequences for pluripotency. Genes Dev. 16:1209-1219
  2. Botquin, V., Hess, H., Fuhrmann, G., Anastassiadis, C., Gross, M. K., Vriend, G. and Scholer, H. R. 1998. New POU dimer configuration mediates antagonistic control of an osteopontin preimplantation enhancer by Oct-4 and Sox-2. Genes Dev. 12:2073-2090 https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.12.13.2073
  3. Bourc'his, D., Le Bourhis, D., Patin, D., Niveleau, A., Comizzoli, P., Renard, J. P. and Viegas-Pequignot, E. 2001. Delayed and incomplete reprogramming of chromosome methylation patterns in bovine cloned embryos. Curr. Biol. 11:1542-1546
  4. Campbell, K. H. S., Loi, P., Otaegui, P. and Wilmut, I. 1996. Cell cycle co-ordination in embryo cloning by nuclear transfer. Rev. Reprod. 1:40-46
  5. Cibelli, J. B., Stice, S. L., Golueke, P. J., Kane, J. J., Jerry, J., Blackwell, C., Ponce de Leon, F. A. and Robl, J. M. 1998. Cloned transgenic calves produced from nonquiescent fetal fibroblasts. Science. 281:1256-1258
  6. Collas, P., Pinto-Correia, C., Ponce de Leon, F. A. and Robl, J. M. 1992. Effect of donor cell cycle stage on chromatin and spindle morphology in nuclear transplant rabbit embryos. Biol. Reprod. 46:492-500 https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod46.3.492
  7. Daniels, R., Hall, V. and Trounson, A. O. 2000. Analysis of gene transcription in bovine nuclear transfer embryos reconstructed with granulose cell nuclei. Biol. Reprod. 63:1034-1040 https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod63.4.1034
  8. Do, J. T., Hong, K. H., Lee, B. Y., Kim, S. B., Kim, N. H., Lee, H. T. and Chung, K. S. 2001. In vitro development of reconstructed bovine embryos and fate of donor mitochondria following nuclear injection of cumulus cells. Zygote. 9:211-218 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0967199401001228
  9. Evans, M. J., Gurer, C., Loike, J. D., Wilmut, I., Schnieke, A. E. and Schon, E. A. 1996. Mitochondrial DNA genotypes in nuclear transfer-derived cloned sheep. Nat. Genet. 23:190-193
  10. Gonda, K., Fowler, J., Katoku-Kikyo, N., Hroldson, J., Wudel, J. and Kikyo, N. 2003. Reversible disassembly of somatic nucleoli by the germ cell proteins FRGY 2a and FRGY 2b. Nat. Cell BioI. 5:205-210 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncb939
  11. Han, D. W., Song, S. J., Uhum, S. J., Do, J. T., Kim, N. H., Chung, K. S. and Lee, H. T. 2003. Expression of IGF2 and IGF receptor mRNA in bovine nuclear transferred embryos. Zygote. 11: (in press)
  12. Hiendleder, S., Schmutz, S. M., Erhardt, G., Green, R. D. and Plante, Y. 1999. Transmitochondrial differences and varying levels of heteroplasmy in nuclear transfer cloned cattle. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 54:24-31
  13. Howlett, S. K. and Reik, W. 1991. Methylation levels of maternal and paternal genomes during preimplantation development. Development. 113: 119-127.
  14. Jaenisch, R. 1997. Dominant distribution of mitochondrial DNA from recipient oocytes in bovine embryos and offspring after nuclear transfer. Trends Genet. 13:323-329 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9525(97)01180-3
  15. Joshi, H. C., Palacios, M. J., McNamara, L. and Cleveland, D. W. 1992. Gamma-tubuin is a centrosomal protein required for cell cycledependent microtubule nucleation. Nature 356:80-83 https://doi.org/10.1038/356080a0
  16. Kang, Y. K., Koo, D. B., Park, J. S., Choi, Y. H., Chung, A. S., Lee, K. K. and Han, Y. M. 2001a. Aberrant DNA methylation of donor genome in cloned bovine embryos. Nat. Genet. 28:173-177
  17. Kang, Y. K., Koo, D. B., Park, J. S., Choi, Y. H., Lee, K. K. and Han, Y. M. 2001b. Influence of the oocyte nuclei on demethylation of donor genome in cloned bovine embryos. FEBS. 499:55-58
  18. Kang, Y. K., Park, J. S., Koo, D. B., Choi, Y. H., Kim, S. D., Lee, K. K. and Han, Y. M. 2002. Limited demethylation leaves mosaic-type methylation states in cloned bovine preimplantation embryos. EMBO. 21:1092-1100 https://doi.org/10.1093/emboj/21.5.1092
  19. Kang, Y. K., Yeo, S., Kim, S. H., Koo, D. B., Park, J. S., Wee, G., Han, J. S., Oh, K. B., Lee, K. K. and Han, Y. M. 2003. Precise recapitulation of methylation change in early cloned embryos. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 66:32-37 https://doi.org/10.1002/mrd.10330
  20. Kim, N. H., Funahashi, H., Prather, R. S., Schatten, G. and Day, B. N. 1996. Microtubule and microfilament dynamics in porcine oocytes during meiotic maturation. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 43:248-255 https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-2795(199602)43:2<248::AID-MRD14>3.0.CO;2-#
  21. Kim, N. H., Cho, S. K., Choi, S. H., Kim, E. Y., Park, S. P. and Lim, J. H. 2000. The distribution and requirements of microtubules and microfilaments in bovine oocytes during in vitro maturation. Zygote. 8:25-32
  22. Koo, D. B., Kang, Y. K., Choi, Y. H., Park, J. S., Kim, N. H., Oh, K. B., Son, D. S., Park, H., Lee, K. K. and Han, Y. M. 2002. Aberrant allocations of inner cell mass and trophectoderm cells in bovine nuclear transfer blastocysts. BioI. Reprod. 67:487-492 https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod67.2.487
  23. Lee, J., Miyano, T. and Moor, R. M. 2000. Spindle formation and dynamics of g-tubulin and nuclear mitotic apparatus protein distribution during meiosis in pig and mouse oocytes. BioI. Reprod. 62:1184-1192 https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod62.5.1184
  24. Manandhar, G., Sutovsky, P., Joshi, H. C., Steams, T. and Schatten, G. 1998. Centrosome reduction during mouse spermiogenesis. Dev. BioI.. 203:424-434 https://doi.org/10.1006/dbio.1998.8947
  25. Manes, C. and Menzel, P. 1981. Demethylation of CpG sites in DNA of early rabbit trophoblast. Nature 293:589-590
  26. Meirelles, F. V., Bordignon, V., Watanabe, Y.,Watanabe, M., Dayan, A., Lobo, R. B., Garcia, J. M. and Smith, L. C. 2001. Complete replacement of the mitochondrial genotype in a Bos indicus calf reconstructed by nuclear transfer to a Bos taurus oocyte. Genetics. 158:351-356
  27. Memili, E. and First, N. L. 1998. Developmental changes in RNA polymerase II in bovine oocytes, early embryos, and effect of a-amanitin on embryo development. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 51:381-389 https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-2795(199812)51:4<381::AID-MRD4>3.0.CO;2-G
  28. Mizuki, O., Nao, A. and Hiroyuki, S. 2001. Allele-specific detection of nascent transcripts by fluorescence in situ hybridization reveals temporal and culture-induced changes in Igf2 imprinting during pre-implantation mouse development. Genes Cells. 6:249-259 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2443.2001.00417.x
  29. Navara, C. S., Firs, N. L. and Schatten, G. 1994. Microtubule organization in the cow during fertilization, polyspermy, parthenogenesis, and nuclear transfer: the role of the sperm aster. Dev. BioI. 162:29-40
  30. Niemann, H., Wrenzycki, C., Lucas-Hahn, A., Brambrink, T., Kues, W. A. and Carnwath, J. W. 2002. Gene expression patterns in bovine in vitro-produced and nuclear transfer-derived embryos and their implications for early development. Cloning Stem Cells. 4:29-38 https://doi.org/10.1089/153623002753632020
  31. Pinto-Correia, C., Colias, P., Ponce de Leon, F. A. and Robl, J. M. 1993. Chromatin and microtubule organization in the first cell cycle in rabbit parthenotes and nuclear transplant embryos. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 34:33-42 https://doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080340106
  32. Reimann, J. D. and Jackson, P. K. 2002. Emill is required for cytostatic factor arrest in vertebrate eggs. Nature. 416:850-854 https://doi.org/10.1038/416850a
  33. Renard, J. P., Zhou, Q., LeBourhis, D., Chavatte-Palmer, P., Hue, I., Heyman, Y. and Vignon, X. 2002. Nuclear transfer technologies: between successes and doubts. Theriogenology. 57:203-222 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0093-691X(01)00667-7
  34. Rideout, W. M., Eggan, K. and Jaenish, R. 2001. Nuclear cloning and epigenetic reprogramming of the genome. Science 293:1093-1098
  35. Schatten, G. 1994. The centrosome and its mode of inheritance:the reduction of the centrosome during gametogenesis and its restoration during fertilization. Dev. BioI. 165:299-335 https://doi.org/10.1006/dbio.1994.1256
  36. Shin, M. R. and Kim, N. H. 2003. Maternal Gamma (g)-tubulin is involved in microtubule reorganization during bovine fertilization and parthenogenesis. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 62:438-445 https://doi.org/10.1002/mrd.10280
  37. Shin, M. R., Park, S. W., Shim, H. and Kim, N. H. 2002. Nuclear and microtubule organization in bovine nuclear transferred embryo. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 62:74-82 https://doi.org/10.1002/mrd.10069
  38. Smith, L. C. and Alcivar, A. A. 1993. Cytoplasmic inheritance and its effects on development and performance. Reprod. Fertil, Supplement 48:31-43
  39. Steinborn, R., Schinogl, P., Zakhartchenko, V., Achmann, R., Schernthaner, W., Stojkovic, M., Wolf, E., Muller, M. and Brem, G. 2000. Mitochondrial DNA heteroplasmy in cloned cattle produced by fetal and adult cell cloning. Nat. Genet. 25:255-257 https://doi.org/10.1038/77000
  40. Steinborn, R., Zakhartchenko, V., Jelyazkov, J., Klein, D., Wolf, E., Muller, M. and Brem, G. 1998a. Composition of parental mitochondrial DNA in cloned bovine embryos. FEBS. 426:352-356
  41. Steinborn, R., Zakhartchenko, V., Wolf, E., Muller, M. and Brem, G. 1998b. Non-balanced mix of mitochondrial DNA in cloned cattle produced by cytoplast-blastomere fusion. FEBS. 426:357-361
  42. Sullivan, E. J., Kasinathan, S., Kasinathan, P., Robl, J. M. and Collas, P. 2003. Cloned Calves from Chromatin Remodeled In Vitro. Biol. Reprod. 17:[Epub ahead of print].
  43. Takeda, K., Takahashi, S., Onishi, A., Goto, Y., Miyazawa, A. and Imai, H. 1999. Dominant distribution of mitochondrial DNA from recipient oocytes in bovine embryos and offspring after nuclear transfer. Reprod. Fertil. 116: 253-259
  44. Tani, T., Kato, Y. and Tsunoda, Y. 2001. Direct exposure of chromosomes to nonactivated ovum cytoplasms effective for bovine somatic cell nucleus reprogramming. BioI. Reprod. 64:324-330 https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod64.1.324
  45. Vignon, X., Zhou,Q. and Renard, J. P. 2002. Chromatin as a regulative architecture of the early developmental functions of mammalian embryos after fertilization or nuclear transfer. Cloning Stem Cells. 4:363-377 https://doi.org/10.1089/153623002321025041
  46. Wakayama, T. and Yanagimachi, R. 2001. Effect of cytokinesis inhibitors, DMSO and the timing of oocyte activation on mouse cloning using cumulus cell nuclei. Reproduction. 122:49-60 https://doi.org/10.1530/rep.0.1220049
  47. Wilmut, I., Schnieke, A. E., McWhir, J., Kind, A. J. and Campbell, K. H. S. 1997. Viable offspring derived from fetal and adult mammalian cells. Nature. 385:810-813 https://doi.org/10.1038/385810a0
  48. Wrenzycki, C., Wells, D., Herrmann, D., Miller, A., Oliver, J., Tervit, R. and Niemann, H. 2001. Nuclear transfer protocol affects messenger RNA expression patterns in cloned bovine blastocysts. BioI. Reprod. 65:309-317 https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod65.1.309
  49. Young, L. E., Sinclair, K. D. and Wilmut, I. 1998. Large offspring syndrome in cattle and sheep. Rev. Reprod. 3:155-163 https://doi.org/10.1530/ror.0.0030155
  50. Young, L. E. and Fairburn, H. R. 2000. Improving the safety of embryo technologies: possible role of genomic imprinting. Theriogenology. 53:627-648 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0093-691X(99)00263-0