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Biochemical and Physiological Properties of Fermented Skate

홍어 숙성과 기능성

  • 최명락 (여수대학교 생명공학과) ;
  • 유은정 (여수대학교 생명공학과) ;
  • 임현수 (여수대학교 생명공학과) ;
  • 박재원 (미국 오레곤 주립대학교 식품공학과 및 Seafood Lab)
  • Published : 2003.10.01

Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the physiological properties of various parts of skate body after fermentation by measuring compositional properties including pH and $NH_4^+$. Other functional properties, such as antibacterial activities, antioxidative activities and anticancer activities were measured. Effects of fermentation temperature (4, 10, $20^{\circ}C$) did not affect compositional properties of fermented skate. The pH of fermented skate extract at 4$^{\circ}C$ did not increase as much as that at 10 and $20^{\circ}C$, Particularly at $10^{\circ}C$, the pH increased rapidly after Day 1 and remained unchanged until another increase at Day 5. At 2$0^{\circ}C$, the pH increased rather rapidly at early stage of fermentation and reached 8.9 at Day 4. The pattern of $NH_4^+$ concentration of fermented skate extract was similar to that of pH. Particularly at $4^{\circ}C$ fermentation, $NH_4^+$ concentration was not affected by fermentation time. The concentration of $NH_4^+$. reached approximately $10.2\mug/mL$at $10^{\circ}C$ for Day 5 and $20^{\circ}C$ for Day 4-5, indicating the early stage of fermentation. According to physiological activities of hot water extracts of skate fillet and viscera as affected by fermentation time, antibacterial activity of 2% viscera extract concentration was 43.3% at Day 8, while there was no antibacterial activity from fillet extract. As for the antioxidative activity, fillet extract and viscera extract both at 2% concentration at Day 0 showed 61.2% and 54.4%, respectively. Anticancer activities were highest (52.7% for fillet extract and 58.3% for viscera extract) at $1,000 \mug/mL$ concentration at Day 8. Antibacterial activities and anticancer effects were relatively high as fermentation was progressed, while antioxidative activities were highest before fermentation started. As for the physiological activities of hot water extract from brain and cartilage, antibacterial activities were observed at 41.0% when 2% brain extract was added at 4 hours of incubation, while 35.8% with 2% cartilage extract at 14 hours of incubation. Antioxidative activities were not found in brain extract, but cartilage extract at 2% showed 25.0% of antioxidative activity, which was lower than fillet and viscera extract.

홍어 발효에 따른 부위별 생리기능성을 측정하기 위하여 홍어 발효과정의 일반성분의 변화, pH, 암모니움 이온농도, 항균성, 항산화성, 항암성을 측정하였다. 발효 온도(4, 10, $20^{\circ}C$)에 따른 기간별 홍어의 일반성분 분석의 결과 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 홍어 유출액의 pH 변화는 $4^{\circ}C$에서 발효한 경우는 pH의 상승폭이 10, $20^{\circ}C$에 비해 낮았고, 1$0^{\circ}C$에서는 발효 1일만에 급격하게 증가하다가 5일까지 일정하게 유지한 후 2차 증가를 나타내었다. $20^{\circ}C$에서는 발효 초기부저 급격하게 증가하기 시작하여 발효 4일에 8.9를 나타내었다. 홍어 유출액의 암모니움 이온 농도 변화에서도 pH의 경우와 비슷하였는데, $4^{\circ}C$발효 온도에서는 시간별 암모니움 이온 농도 함량에 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았고, $10^{\circ}C$에서 발효시킨 홍어의 경우 5일에, $20^{\circ}C$에서 발효시킨 홍어의 경우 4.5일에 암모니움 이온 농도가 약 $10.2\mug/mL$로 발효 진행 초기인 것으로 나타났다. 홍어 가식부 및 내장 열수 추출물의 발효기간별 생리기능성을 측정한 결과 가식부 열수 추출물의 항균성은 거의 없는 것으로 나타났고, 내장은 발효 8일째에 시료 2%첨가한 군에서 43.3%로 가장 높은 항균효과를 나타내었다. 항산화성은 가식부 열수 추출물 2%첨가한 군에서 발효 0일째에 61.2%로 가장 높았고, 내장 동일 농도에서도 발효 0일째에 54.4%로 비교적 높았다. 항암성은 시료 농도 $1,000 \mug/mL$에서 가식부는 발효 8일에 52.7%였고, 내장은 발효 10일에 58.3%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 따라서 항균성과 항암성은 발효가 진행될수록 비교적 높게 나타났고, 항산화성은 발효시키지 않은 원료 자체에서 높은 효과를 나타내었다. 홍어 뇌 및 연골 열수 추출물의 농도별 생리기능성은 항균성은 뇌 시료 2%첨가한 군에서 균 배양 4시간째에 41.0%였고, 동일 농도에서 연골은 균 배양 14시간째에 35.8%를 나타내었다. 항산화성은 뇌 열수 추출물에서는 효과가 없었고, 연골 시료 2%첨가한 군에서는 25.0%로 가식부나 내장에 비해 낮게 나타났다.

Keywords

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