Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology

The Korean Society of Environmental Health and Toxicology (환경독성보건학회)
권호 표지

Neurobiochemical Analysis of Abnormal Fish Behavior Caused by Copper Toxicity

구리 독성에 기인하는 비정상적인 어류행동의 신경생화학적 분석

  • 신성우 (한국해양대학교 토목환경시스템공학부) ;
  • 조현덕 (부산대학교 생물학과) ;
  • 전태수 (부산대학교 생물학과) ;
  • 김정상 (경북대학교 동물공학과) ;
  • 이성규 (한국화학연구원 환경독성연구부) ;
  • 고성철 (한국해양대학교 토목환경시스템공학부)
  • Published : 2003.06.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The goal of this study is to develop a biomarker used in monitoring abnormal behaviors of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) as a model organism caused by hazardous chemicals. Japanese medaka was treated by copper of appropriate sublethal concentrations after starvation for 48 hr. The untreated individuals showed common behavioral characteristics (i.e. , smooth and linear movements). Locomotive activity of the fish was monitored using an image processing and automatic data acquisition system. When treated with copper (100 ppb), the fish showed shaking patterns more frequently. As the concentration of copper increased to 1,000 ppb, activity decreated, and the fish showed an erratic movement. Fish were exposed to copper at various concentrations (0,100 and 1,000 ppb) for 24 hrs, and acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity was observed. When fish were exposed to 1,000 ppb of copper, the body AChE activities appeared to decrease but the head AChE activities showed little change. Expressions of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) protein in the different organs from both head (brain) and body (kidney) portions affected by the copper treatment were analyzed using immunohistochemical technique compared with control. Five organs of the fish (olfactory bulb, hyothalamus, optic lobe, pons and myelencephalon regions) showed a relatively strong TH protein expression in the control experiment. A differential expression of TH, however, was observed in the treatment (100 ppb and 1,000 ppb). The treatment (1,000 ppb) significantly suppressed TH protein production in the brain regions. In kidney, however, the same treatment caused little suppression compared with the control. Copper appeared to be less effective in suppression of TH than diazinon, a known TH suppressor. It was concluded that TH could be used at a potential biomarker to monitor the acute copper toxicity in Japanese medaka.

Keywords

References

  1. Charoy C and Janssen C. The swimming behaviour of Brachionus calyciflorus (Rotifer) under toxic stress, Chemosphere 1999; 38(14): 3247-3260 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(98)00557-8
  2. Clearwater SJ, Farag AM and Meyer JS. Bioavailability and toxicity of dietborne copper zinc to fish, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Part C 2002; 132: 269-313 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1096-4959(01)00539-5
  3. Daglish RW and Nowak BF. Rainbow trout gills are a sensitive biomarker of short-term exposure to waterborne copper, Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 2002; 43: 98-102 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-002-1184-5
  4. Dethloff GM, Schlenk D, Hamm JT and Bailey HC. Alterations in physiological parameters of rainbow trout (On-corhynchus mykiss) with esposure to copper and copper/zinc mixures, Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, Environmental research, Section B 1999; 42: 253-264
  5. Ellman GL, Courtney KD, Andres (Jr) V and Featherstone RM. Anew and rapid colorimetric determination of acetycholinesterase activity, Biocheem. Pharmacol. 1961: 7: 88-95 https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-2952(61)90145-9
  6. Fatemi N and Sarkar B. Insights into the mechanism of copper transport by the Wilson and Menkes disease copper-transporting ATPases, Inorganica chimica acta 2002: 339: 179-187 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-1693(02)00949-0
  7. Handy RD. Chronic effects of copper exposure versus endocrine toxicity: two sides of the same toxicological process?, Comparative biochemistry and physiology Part A 2003; in press
  8. Hsu Sm and Raine LJ. Base of avidin-biotin-peroxidasw complex (ABC) in immunoperoxidase techniques: a comparisor between ABC and unlabeled antibody (PAP) procedures, Histochem. Cytochem. 1981; 29: 577-580 https://doi.org/10.1177/29.4.6166661
  9. Kawano H, Takeuchi Y, Yoshimoto K, Matsumoto K and Sugimoto T. Histological changes in monoaminergic neurons of Long-Evans Chinnamon rats, Brain Research 2001; 915: 25-31 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-8993(01)02818-9
  10. Kim SH, Kim WK, Lee JS, Koh SC, Lee SK, Chon TS and Kim JS. Regulation of acetylcholine esterase and monoamine oxidase in Oryzias latips by carbofuran, The Korean journal of environmental toxicology 2003; 18(I): 21-25 https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.10098
  11. Kwak IS, Chon TS, Kang HM, Chung NI, Kim JS, Koh SC, Lee SK and Kim YS. Pattern recognition of the movement tracks of medaka (Oryzias latipes) in response to sub-lethal treatments of an insecticide by using artificial neural networks, Environ. Pollut. 2002; 120: 671-681 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(02)00183-5
  12. Ladies WG and Yu MH. Introduction to Environmental Toxicology, Second Edition, Lewis Publishers 1999; 1-19
  13. Lee HK and Lee YH. A study of system development for the detection of toxic materials into the source of water supply, Korea society of civil engineers, Journal of civil engineering 1998; 18: 289-297
  14. Mercer JFB. The molecular basis of copper-transport diseases, Trends in molecular medicine 2001; 7 (2): 64-69 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1471-4914(01)01920-7
  15. Perschbacher PW and Wurts WA. Effects of calcium and magnesium hardness on acute copper toxicity to juvenile channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, Aquaculture 1999; 172: 275-280 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(98)00499-2
  16. Ram MD and Gopal K. Neurobehaviral changes in freshwater fish channa punctatus exposed to fenitrothio, Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 1991; 47: 455-458 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01702210
  17. Romani R, Antognelli C, Baldracchini F, Santis AD, Isani G, Giovannini E and Rosi G. Increased acetylcholinesterase activities in specimens of Sparus auratus exposed to sublethal copper concentrations, Chemico-Biological Interactions 2003; 145: 321-329 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2797(03)00058-9
  18. Rosenblada C and Nilsson OG. Basal forebrain grafts in the rat neocortex restore in vivo acetylcholine release and respond to behavioural activation, Neuroscience 1993; 55 (2); 353-362 https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4522(93)90504-9
  19. Saito T, Okabe M, Hosokawa T, Kurasaki M, Hata A, Endo F, Nagano K, Matsuda I, Urakami K and Saito K. Immunohistochemical determination of the Wilson copper-trasporting P-type ATPase in the brain tissues of the rat, Neuroscience letters 1999; 266: 13-16 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3940(99)00258-X
  20. Shin SW, Chung NI, Kim JS, Chon TS, Kwon as, Lee SK and Koh SC. Effect of diazinon on behavior of Japanese Medaka (Oryzias Latipes) and gene expression of tyrosine hydroxylase as a biomarker, J. Environ. Sci. Health 2001; B36 (6): 783-795
  21. Strausak D, Mercer JFB, Dieter HH, Stremmel W and Multhaup G. Copper in disorders with neurological symptoms: Alzheimer's, Menkes, and Wilson diseases, Brain research bulletin 2001; 55(2): 175-185 https://doi.org/10.1016/0361-9230(87)90188-2
  22. Taylor EW, Beaumont MW, Butler PJ, Mair J and Mujallid MSI. Lethal and sub-lethal effects of copper on fish: arole for ammonia toxicity, Toxicology of aquatic pollution 1996; 85-114