Accomplishments of Rayleigh's Experimental Research: Improvement of Instruments and Enhancement of Precision

레일리의 실험 음향학 연구의 성과: 도구의 개선과 정밀성의 증진

  • 구자현 (서울대학교 과학사 및 과학철학 협동과정)
  • Published : 2003.02.01

Abstract

Rayleigh was an excellent experimenter as well as a theorist. Rayleigh improved Rijke's sounding device by heat and the singing flame into sources of pure tones. Above all, his making of the artificial bird whistle was a critical achievement in the improvement of experimental sound sources. This source made supersonic waves available in the laboratory and thus paved the way to confirmable observations of reflection, refraction, diffraction and interference of sound in the laboratory Furthermore, Rayleigh augmented the sensitivity of sensitive flames as detectors for sound wave. Besides, he devised a phonic wheel which could precisely control the angular velocity of some acoustical instruments and made the Rayleigh-disk that enabled experimenters to measure the absolute value of the sound intensity. These devices enhanced the exactness of acoustical experiments.

레일리는 수학적 이론에 능했을 뿐 아니라 실험 음향학자로서 중요한 기여를 했다. 그는 리케의 열에 의한 음발생 장치와 노래하는 불꽃을 순음발생 장치로 개선했다. 무엇보다는 그가 만든 인공 새소리 발생장치는 실험용음원의 개선에서 결정적으로 기여했다. 이 장치는 초음파를 발생시켜 실험실 안에서 소리의 직진, 굴절, 회절, 간섭의 실험을 교란 없이 수행할 수 있게 해주었다. 또한 레일리는 소리의 검출장치로서 민감 불꽃을 개선했다. 그는 또한 정밀한 회전속도 조절장치 (소리바퀴)와 소리의 절대 세기를 측정하는 장치 (레일리 원반)를 만들어 실험 음향학의 정밀성의 증진에 기여했다.

Keywords

References

  1. Life of John William Struff, Third Baron Rayleigh(4th) Robert John Struff;Baron Rayleigh
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  8. Royal Institution Proceedings v.17 Interference of sound Rayleigh
  9. Philosophical Magazine v.13 Acoustical observations IV Rayleigh
  10. Royal Institution Proceedings Shadows Rayleigh
  11. The Uses of Experiment: Studies in the Natural Sciences Scientific instruments: model of brass and aids to discovery W.D.Hackmann;David Gooding(ed.);Trevor Pinch(ed.);Simon Schaffer(ed.)
  12. Cambridge Philosophical Society Proceedings v.4 On a new arrangement for sensitive flames Rayleigh
  13. Philosophical Magazine v.11 Hydraulic researches G.Magnus
  14. Nature v.18 Uniformity of rotation Rayleigh
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