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A Program of Water Quality Management for Agricultural Reservoirs by Trophic State

농업용 저수지의 부영양화와 수질관리방안

  • Lee, Kwang-Sik (Rural Research Institute, Korea Agricultural & Rural Infrastructure Corporation) ;
  • Yoon, Kyung-Sup (Rural Research Institute, Korea Agricultural & Rural Infrastructure Corporation) ;
  • Kim, Ho-Il (Rural Research Institute, Korea Agricultural & Rural Infrastructure Corporation) ;
  • Kim, Hyung-Joong (Rural Research Institute, Korea Agricultural & Rural Infrastructure Corporation)
  • 이광식 (농업기반공사 농어촌연구원) ;
  • 윤경섭 (농업기반공사 농어촌연구원) ;
  • 김호일 (농업기반공사 농어촌연구원) ;
  • 김형중 (농업기반공사 농어촌연구원)
  • Published : 2003.06.30

Abstract

A total of 498 agricultural reservoirs ranging from $164{\times}10^3\;m^3$ to $253{\times}10^6\;m^3$ in storage volume were investigated from 1990 to 2001 with respect to Chl-${\alpha}$, COD concentration and pollutant loading of BOD, TN, and TP. The lakes and reservoirs could be classified to 4 types using the relationships between the ratio of storage volume per water surface area(ST/WS) and Chl-${\alpha}$ concentration. It is recommended that the improvement of polluted lakes should be performed in the order of integrated consolidation type ${\rightarrow}$ watershed consolidation type ${\rightarrow}$ in-lake consolidation type ${\rightarrow}$ Management type and reservoir should be constructed to be over $5{\sim}6\;m$ in depth(ST/WS ratio) for preventing the eutrophication of agricultural reservoirs. We propose that water quality criteria for agricultural water is changed from less than 8 mg/L to less than 6 mg/L for safety value, $6{\sim}10\;mg/L$ for concern value, and more than 10 mg/L for countermeasure value in COD concentration, respectively.

1990년부터 2001년까지의 농업용수 수질측정망 조사자료를 분석하고, Chl-${\alpha}$ 농도와 유효저수량/만수면적비를 이용하여 498개 저수지에 대하여 유형을 분류하구 각 유형에 대한 수질개선방안을 제시하기 위하여 본 연구를 수행하고 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 우리나라 농업용 저수지의 Chl-${\alpha}$ 농도는 유효저수량/만수면적비(ST/WS)에 민감하게 반응하였으며, ST/WS비가 클수록 Chl-${\alpha}$ 농도는 감소하는 경향을 나타내었는데, 저수지의 부영양화를 억제하기 위해서는 ST/WS비를 최소 $5{\sim}6\;m$ 이상, 가능하면 10m 이상이 되도록 건설 보수하는 것이 좋을 것으로 판단된다. 우리나라 저수지를 Chl-${\alpha}$ 농도 $25\;mg/m^3$, ST/WS비 5 m를 기준으로 유형을 분류하고 그 특성을 고찰한 결과 ST/WS비가 작고 부영양화가 진행된 종합정비형인 I형 저수지는 호소의 지형학적 특성과 외부에서의 부하가 모두 복합적으로 부영양화에 영향을 준 것으로 판단되며, 동일한 형상이라도 부영양화가 진행되지 않은 호내정비형인 II형 저수지는 상대적으로 외부 유입이 적은 것으로 나타났다. 반면에 지형학적 특성상 수질관리에 유리한 ST/WS비가 큰 관리형인 IV형 저수지는 대부분이 부영양화가 아직 진행되지 않았으며, 유역으로부터 높은 부하량을 나타내는 유역정비형인 III형는 부영양화가 이루어 졌으나 전체 저수지의 약 5% 미만으로 극히 드문 것으로 나타나 ST/WS비가 큰 경우 상대적으로 외부유입으로 인한 부영양화는 작은 것으로 나타났다. 수질개선사업우선순위(안)는 I형(종합정비형) ${\rightarrow}$ III(유역정비형) ${\rightarrow}$ II형(호내정비형) ${\rightarrow}$ IV형(관리형)의 순으로 정비해 나가는 것이 바람직할 것으로 판단된다. 또한 농업용수 수질기준 항목 중 COD 농도를 유기오염 지표뿐 아니라 부영양화를 나타내는 지표로써도 함께 고려하여 세분화한 결과 현행 8 mg/L에서 10 mg/L 이상을 대책기준, $6{\sim}10\;mg/L$을 우려기준, 6 mg/L 이하는 안전기준으로 세분하고, 이에 따라 수질개선사업을 실시하는 것이 효율적일 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

References

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