Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences

Asian Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies (아세아태평양축산학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Influence of Phytase and Xylanase Supplementation on Growth Performance and Nutrient Utilisation of Broilers Offered Wheat-based Diets

  • Selle, P.H. (Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney) ;
  • Ravindran, V. (Institute of Food, Nutrition and Human Health, Massey University) ;
  • Ravindran, G. (Institute of Food, Nutrition and Human Health, Massey University) ;
  • Pittolo, P.H. (Weston Animal Nutrition) ;
  • Bryden, W.L. (School of Animal Studies, The University of Queensland)
  • Received : 2002.08.02
  • Accepted : 2002.11.04
  • Published : 2003.03.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Individual and combined supplementation of phosphorus-adequate, wheat-based broiler diets with exogenous phytase and xylanase was evaluated in three experiments. The effects of the enzyme combination in lysine-eficient diets containing wheat and sorghum were more pronounced than those of the individual feed enzymes. The inclusion of phytase plus xylanase improved (p<0.05) weight gains (7.3%) and feed efficiency (7.0%) of broilers (7-28 days post-hatch) and apparent metabolisable energy (AME) by 0.76 MJ/kg DM. Phytase plus xylanase increased (p<0.05) the overall, apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids by 4.5% (0.781 to 0.816); this was greater than the responses to either phytase (3.6%; 0.781 to 0.809) or xylanase (0.7%; 0.781 to 0.784). Absolute increases in amino acid digestibility with the combination exceeded the sum of the individual increases generated by phytase and xylanase for alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, threonine, tyrosine and valine. These synergistic responses may have resulted from phytase and xylanase having complementary modes of action for enhancing amino acid digestibilities and/or facilitating substrate access. The two remaining experiments were almost identical except wheat used in Experiment 2 had a higher phytate concentration and a lower estimated AME content than wheat used in Experiment 3. Individually, phytase and xylanase were generally more effective in Experiment 2, which probably reflects the higher dietary substrate levels present. Phytase plus xylanase increased (p<0.05) gains (15.4%) and feed efficiency (7.0%) of broiler chicks from 4-24 days post-hatch in Experiment 2; whereas, in Experiment 3, the combination increased (p<0.05) growth to a lesser extent (5.6%) and had no effect on feed efficiency. This difference in performance responses appeared to be 'rotein driven'as the combination increased (p<0.05) nitrogen retention in Experiment 2 but not in Experiment 3; whereas phytase plus xylanase significantly increased AME in both experiments. In Experiments 2 and 3 the combined inclusion levels of phytase and xylanase were lower that the individual additions, which demonstrates the benefits of simultaneously including phytase and xylanase in wheat-based poultry diets.

Keywords

References

  1. Angkanaporn, K., M. Choct, W. L. Bryden, E. F. Annison and G. Annison. 1994. Effects of wheat pentosans on endogenous amino acid losses in chickens. J. Sci. Food Agric. 66:399-404. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740660319
  2. Barth, C. A., B. Lunding, M. Schmitz and H. Hagemeister. 1993. Soybean trypsin inhibitor(s) reduce absorption of exogenous and increase loss of endogenous protein in miniature pigs. J. Nutr. 123:2195-2200.
  3. Bedford, M. R. and H. Schulz. 1998. Exogenous enzymes for pigs and poultry. Nutr. Res. Rev. 11:91-114. https://doi.org/10.1079/NRR19980007
  4. Bedford, M. R., T. A. Scott, F. G. Silversides, H. L. Classen, M. L. Swift and M. Pack. 1998. The effect of wheat cultivar, growing environment, and enzyme supplementation on digestibility of amino acids by broilers. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 78:335-342. https://doi.org/10.4141/A98-012
  5. Caine, W. R., W. C. Sauer, W. A. Verstegen, S. Tamminga, S. Li and H. Schulze 1998. Guanidated protein test meals with higher concentration of soybean trypsin inhibitors increase ileal recoveries of endogenous amino acids in pigs. J. Nutr. 128:598-605. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/128.3.598
  6. Caldwell, R. A. 1992. Effect of calcium and phytic acid on the activation of trypsinogen and the stability of trypsin. J. Agric. Food Chem. 40:43-46. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00013a008
  7. Camden, B. J., P. H. C. Morel, D. V. Thomas V. Ravindran and M. R. Bedford. 2001. Effectiveness of exogenous microbial phytase in improving the bioavailabilities of phosphorus and other nutrients in maize-soya-bean meal diets for broilers. Anim. Sci. 73:289-297. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1357729800058264
  8. Choct, M., R. J. Hughes, R. P. Trimble, K. Angkanaporn and G. Annison. 1995. Non-starch polysaccharide-degrading enzymes increase the performance of broiler chickens fed wheat of low metabolisable energy. J. Nutr. 125:485-492.
  9. Choct, M. 1998. The effect of different xylanases on carbohydrate digestion and viscosity along the intestinal tract in broilers. In: Proceedings of the Australian Poultry Science Symposium. Vol. 10:111-115.
  10. Farrell, D. J. and E. Martin. 1998. Strategies to improve the nutritive value of rice bran in poultry diets. III. The addition of inorganic P and a phytase to duck diets. Brit. Poult. Sci. 39:601-611. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071669888467
  11. Frolich, W., T. F. Schweizer and N-G Asp. 1984. Minerals and phytate in the analysis of dietary fiber from cereals. II. Cereal Chem. 61:357-359.
  12. Frolich, W. 1990. Chelating properties of dietary fiber and phytate. The role for mineral availability. In: New Developments in Dietary Fiber (Ed. I. Furda and C. J. Brine). Plenum Press, New York. pp. 83-93.
  13. Hew, L. I., V. Ravindran Y. Mollah and W. L Bryden. 1998. Influence of exogenous xylanase supplementation on apparent metabolisable energy and amino acid digestibility in wheat for broiler chickens. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 75:83-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8401(98)00206-5
  14. Hopfer, U. 1997. Digestion and absorption of basic nutritional constituents. In Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations (Ed. T. M. Devlin). Wiley-Liss, Inc. New York. pp. 1055-1086
  15. Ikeda, K. and T. Kusano. 1983. In vitro inhibition of digestive enzymes by indigestible polysaccharides. Cereal Chem. 60:260-263.
  16. Ikegami, S. F., H. Tsuchihashi, N. Harada, E. Tsuchihashi, Nishide and S. Innami. 1990. Effect of viscous indigestible polysaccharides on pancreatic-biliary secretion and digestive organs in rats. J. Nutr. 120:353-360. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/120.4.353
  17. Inagawa, J., I. Kiyosawa, and T. Nagasawa 1987. Effects of phytic acid on the digestion of casein and soybean protein with trypsin, pancreatin ands pepsin. Nippon Eiyo Shokuryo Gakkaishi 40:367-373. https://doi.org/10.4327/jsnfs.40.367
  18. Jacob, J. P., S. Ibrahim, R. Blair, H. Namkung and I. K. Paik. 2000. Using enzyme supplemented, reduced protein diets to decrease nitrogen and phosphorus excretion of broilers. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 13:1561-1567.
  19. Kanaya, K., K. Yasumoto and H. Mitsuda. 1976. Pepsin inhibition by phytate contained in rice bran. Eiyo To Shokuryo 29:341-346. https://doi.org/10.4327/jsnfs1949.29.341
  20. Kikunaga, S., Y. Katoh and M. Takahashi. 1991. Biochemical changes in phosphorus compounds and in the activity of phytase and $\alpha$-amylase in the rice (Oryza sativa) grain during germination. J. Sci. Food Agric. 56:335-344. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740560309
  21. Knuckles, B. E., D. D. Kuzmicky, M. R. Gumbmann and A. A. Betschart. 1989. Effect of myo-inositol phosphate esters on in vitro and in vivo digestion of protein. J. Food Sci. 54:1348-1350. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1989.tb05989.x
  22. Kornegay, E. T. 1996. Effect of $Natuphos^{\circledR}$ phytase on protein and amino acid digestibility and nitrogen retention in poultry. In: Phytase in Animal Nutrition and Waste Management. BASF Corporation, Mount Olive, NJ. pp. 493-514
  23. Kornegay, E. T., Z. Zhang and D. M. Denbow. 1999. Influence of microbial phytase supplementation of a low protein/amino acid diet on performance, ileal digestibility of protein and amino acids, and carcass measurements of finishing broilers. In: Phytase in Animal Nutrition and Waste Management 2nd edition. BASF Corporation, Mount Olive, NJ. pp. 557-572.
  24. Kratzer, F. H., L. Earl and C. Chiaravanont. 1974. Factors influencing the feeding values of rice bran for chickens. Poult. Sci. 53:1795-1800. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0531795
  25. Kratzer, F. H. and C. G. Payne. 1977. Effect of autoclaving, hotwater treating, parboiling and addition of ethoxyquin on the value of rice bran as a dietary ingredient for chickens. Brit. Poult. Sci. 18:475-482. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071667708416387
  26. Martin, E. A., J. V. Nolan, Z. Nitsan and D. J. Farrell. 1998. Strategies to improve the nutritive value of rice bran in poultry diets. IV. Effects of fish meal and a microbial phytase to duckling diets on bird performance and amino acid digestibility. Br. Poult. Sci. 39:612-621. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071669888476
  27. Mollah, Y., W. L. Bryden, I. R. Wallis, D. Balnave and E. F. Annison. 1983. Studies of low metabolisable energy wheats for poultry using conventional and rapid assay procedures and the effects of feed processing. Br. Poult. Sci. 24:81-89. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071668308416716
  28. Namkung, H. and S. Leeson. 1999. Effect of phytase enzyme on dietary nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy and the ileal digestibility of nitrogen and anion acids. Poult. Sci. 78:1317-1319. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/78.9.1317
  29. Nyachoti, C. M., C. F. M. de Lange, B. W. McBride S. Leeson and V. M. Gabert. 2000. Endogenous gut nitrogen losses in growing pigs are not caused by increased protein synthesis rates in the small intestine. J. Nutr. 130:566-572. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/130.3.566
  30. Parkkonen, T. A., Tervila-Wilo, M. Hopeakoski-Nurminen, A. Morgan, K. Poutanen and K. Autio. 1997. Changes in wheat microstructure following in vitro digestion. Acta Agric. Scand. 47:43-47.
  31. Potter, L. M. 1998. Bioavailability of phosphorus from various phosphates based on body weight and toe ash measurements. Poult. Sci. 67:96-102.
  32. Rajendran, S. and V. Prakash. 1993. Kinetics and thermodynamics of the mechanism of interaction of sodium phytate with $\alpha$-globulin. Biochem. 32:3474-3478. https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00064a035
  33. Ravindran, G. and W. L. Bryden. 1996. Tryptophan content of Australian feedstuffs. In: Proceddings of the Australian Poultry Science Symposium Vol. 8:208.
  34. Ravindran, V., W. L. Bryden and E. T. Kornegay. 1995. Phytates: occurrence bioavailability and implications in poultry nutrition. Poult. Avian Biol. Rev. 6:125-143.
  35. Ravindran, V., S. Cabahug, G. Ravindran and W. L. Bryden. 1999a. Influence of microbial phytase on apparent ileal amino acid digestibility in feedstuffs for broilers. Poult. Sci. 78:699-706.
  36. Ravindran, V., P. H. Selle and W. L. Bryden. 1999b. Effects of phytase supplementation, individually and in combination, with glycanase on the nutritive value of wheat and barley. Poult. Sci. 78:1588-1595. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/78.11.1588
  37. Ravindran, V., S. Cabahug, P. H. Selle and W. L. Bryden. 2000. Response of broiler chickens to microbial phytase supplementation as influenced by dietary phytic acid and nonphytate phosphorus levels. II. Effects on apparent metabolisable energy, nutrient digestibility and nutrient retention. Br. Poult. Sci. 41:193-200. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071660050022263
  38. Ravindran, V., P. H. Selle, G. Ravindran, P. C. H. Morel, A. K. Kies and W. L. Bryden. 2001. Microbial phytase improves performance, apparent metabolizable energy, and ileal anion acid digestibility of broilers fed a lysine-deficient diet. Poult. Sci. 80:338-344. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/80.3.338
  39. Reddy, N. R., S. K. Sathe and M. D. Pierson.1988. Removal of phytate from great northern beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and its combined density fraction. J. Food Sci. 53:107-110. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1988.tb10187.x
  40. Scheele, C.W., F. den Dekker, J. D. van der Klis, C. Kwakernaak and R. Orsel. 1995. Enzymes affecting the feeding value of wheat containing poultry diets. In: 2nd European Symposium on Feed Enzymes (Ed. W. van Hartingsveldt, M Hessing, J. P. van der Lugt and W. A. C. Somers). pp. 117-123.
  41. Schneeman, B. O. 1977. The effect of plant fiber on trypsin and chymotrypsin activity in vitro. In: Proceedings of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology Vol. 36:1118.
  42. Selle, P. H., V. Ravindran, R. A. Caldwell and W. L. Bryden. 2000. Phytate and phytase: Consequences for protein utilisation. Nutr. Res. Rev. 13:255-278. https://doi.org/10.1079/095442200108729098
  43. Selle, P. H., P. H. Pittolo, R. J. Gill and W. L. Bryden. 2002. Xylanase plus phytase supplementation of broiler diets based on different wheats. In: Proceedings of the Australian Poultry Science Symposium Vol. 14:141-144.
  44. Silversides, F. G. and M. R. Bedford. 1999. Enzymes may improve energy, protein digestibility. Feedstuffs 71(9):15-17.
  45. Simons, P. C. M., H. A. J. Versteegh, A. W. Jongbloed, P. A. Kemme, P. Slump, K. D. Bos, M. G. E. Wolters, R. F. Beudeker and G. J. Verschoor. 1990. Improvement of phosphorus availability by microbial phytase in broilers and pigs. Br. J. Nutr. 64:525-540. https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN19900052
  46. Singh, M. and A. D. Krikorian. 1982. Inhibition of trypsin activity by phytate. J. Agric. Food Chem. 30:799-800. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00112a049
  47. Siriwan, P., W. L. Bryden, Y. Mollah and E. F. Annison. 1993. Measurement of endogenous amino acid losses in poultry. Br. Poult. Sci. 34:939-949. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071669308417654
  48. Sweeney, R. A. 1989. Generic combustion method for determination of crude protein in feeds: Collaborative study. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 72:770-774.
  49. Thompson, L. U. 1988. Phytic acid: a factor influencing starch digestibility and blood glucose response. In: Phytic acid: Chemistry and Applications Pilatus Press. Minneapolis, MN. (Ed. E. Graf). pp. 173-194.
  50. Vaintraub, I. A. and V. P. Bulmaga. 1991. Effect of phytate on the in vitro activity of digestive proteinases. J. Agric. Food Chem. 39:859-861. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00005a008
  51. Zyla, K., D. Gogol, J. Koreleski S. Swiatkiewicz and D. R. Ledoux. 1999. Simultaneous application of phytase and xylanase to broiler feeds based on wheat: feeding experiments with growing broilers. J. Sci. Food Agric. 79:1841-1848. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0010(199910)79:13<1841::AID-JSFA463>3.0.CO;2-G
  52. Zyla, K., J. Koreleski, S. Swiatkiewicz, A. Wikiera, M. Kujawski, J. Piironen and D. R. Ledoux. 2000. Effects of phosphorolytic and cell wall degrading enzymes on the performance of growing broilers fed wheat-based diets containing different calcium levels. Poult. Sci. 79:66-76. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/79.1.66

Cited by

  1. Effects of Corn Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles Colors and Phytase Levels on the Ileal Amino Acid Digestibility of Broilers vol.36, pp.4, 2009, https://doi.org/10.5536/KJPS.2009.36.4.351
  2. The effect of phytase and carbohydrase on ileal amino acid digestibility in monogastric diets: complimentary mode of action? vol.65, pp.04, 2009, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043933909000427
  3. Amino acid digestibility and poultry feed formulation: expression, limitations and application vol.39, pp.suppl spe, 2010, https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-35982010001300031
  4. Effect of Dietary Phytase on Growth Performance and Excreta Excretion of Broilers vol.38, pp.4, 2011, https://doi.org/10.5536/KJPS.2011.38.4.255
  5. Protein–phytate interactions in pig and poultry nutrition: a reappraisal vol.25, pp.01, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954422411000151
  6. Improvements in growth performance, bone mineral status and nutrient digestibility in pigs following the dietary inclusion of phytase are accompanied by modifications in intestinal nutrient transporter gene expression vol.112, pp.05, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114514001494
  7. var. Jian) vol.20, pp.6, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1111/anu.12125
  8. Enhancing the nutritional value of soybeans for poultry through supplementation with new-generation feed enzymes vol.72, pp.02, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043933916000271
  9. Nutrient digestibility and performance responses of growing pigs fed phytase- and xylanase-supplemented wheat-based diets1 vol.86, pp.4, 2008, https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2007-0018
  10. Effect of phytase and xylanase supplementation or particle size on nutrient digestibility of diets containing distillers dried grains with solubles cofermented from wheat and corn in ileal-cannulated grower pigs1 vol.89, pp.1, 2011, https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2010-3127
  11. Growth Performance, Bone Quality, and Phosphorus Availability in Broilers Given Phosphorus-Deficient Diets Containing Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) vol.55, pp.4, 2018, https://doi.org/10.2141/jpsa.0170178
  12. Exogenous phytase and xylanase exhibit opposing effects on real-time gizzard pH in broiler chickens vol.59, pp.5, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1080/00071668.2018.1496403
  13. Effects of enzyme supplementation on the nutrient, amino acid, and energy utilization efficiency of citrus pulp and hawthorn pulp in Linwu ducks vol.50, pp.6, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-018-1587-6
  14. Influence of Dietary Phytate and Exogenous Phytase on Amino Acid Digestibility in Poultry: A Review vol.43, pp.2, 2006, https://doi.org/10.2141/jpsa.43.89
  15. Effect of reconstitution of sorghum with or without enzymes on production performance and immunocompetence in broiler chicken vol.89, pp.6, 2009, https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.3546
  16. Enhancing nutrient utilization of broiler chickens through supplemental enzymes vol.98, pp.3, 2018, https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pey452
  17. Effects of Phytase and Carbohydrases Supplementation to Diet with a Partial Replacement of Soybean Meal with Rapeseed Meal and Cottonseed Meal on Growth Performance and Nutrient Digestibility of Growi vol.16, pp.9, 2003, https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2003.1339
  18. Phytase Supplementation of Wheat-Based Broiler Diets Reduces Dependence on Meat-and-Bone Meal vol.43, pp.4, 2003, https://doi.org/10.2141/jpsa.43.330
  19. Effects of Enzyme Addition to Broiler Diets Containing Varying Levels of Double Zero Rapeseed Meal vol.19, pp.9, 2003, https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2006.1354
  20. Effects of Dietary Lysine and Microbial Phytase on Growth Performance and Nutrient Utilisation of Broiler Chickens vol.20, pp.7, 2003, https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2007.1100
  21. Microbial phytase in poultry nutrition vol.135, pp.1, 2003, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2006.06.010
  22. Phytase 수준별 급여가 육계의 생산성, 인의 배설과 흡수 및 회장과 분에서 소화율에 미치는 영향 vol.34, pp.3, 2003, https://doi.org/10.5536/kjps.2007.34.3.207
  23. Nutrient utilisation and performance responses of broilers fed a wheat-based diet supplemented with phytase and xylanase alone or in combination vol.146, pp.1, 2003, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.11.013
  24. Effects of Supplemental Microbial Phytase and Xylanase on the Performance of Broilers Fed Diets Based on Corn and Wheat vol.46, pp.3, 2003, https://doi.org/10.2141/jpsa.46.217
  25. Beneficial effects of xylanase and/or phytase inclusions on ileal amino acid digestibility, energy utilisation, mineral retention and growth performance in wheat-based broiler diets vol.153, pp.3, 2009, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2009.06.011
  26. Strategic Selection of Exogenous Enzymes for Corn/soy-based Poultry Diets vol.47, pp.1, 2003, https://doi.org/10.2141/jpsa.009045
  27. Effects of Multiple Enzyme (ROVABIO® Max) Containing Carbohydrolases and Phytase on Growth Performance and Intestinal Viscosity in Broiler Chicks Fed Corn-Wheat-Soybean Meal Based Diets vol.23, pp.9, 2003, https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2010.90592
  28. Estimation of standardised ileal threonine equivalency values of a multi-enzyme and its effects on broiler chick’s performance vol.10, pp.1, 2003, https://doi.org/10.4081/ijas.2011.e10
  29. Nitrogen retention, energy, and amino acid digestibility of wheat bran, without or with multicarbohydrase and phytase supplementation, fed to broiler chickens1 vol.96, pp.6, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/sky062
  30. Evaluating phosphorus release by phytase in diets fed to growing pigs that are not deficient in phosphorus1 vol.97, pp.1, 2003, https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/sky402
  31. Effects of Fermentation on Standardized Ileal Digestibility of Amino Acids and Apparent Metabolizable Energy in Rapeseed Meal Fed to Broiler Chickens vol.10, pp.10, 2003, https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10101774
  32. Effects of varying diet nutrient density and enzyme inclusion strategy for Ross 708 male broilers under a natural disease challenge vol.29, pp.4, 2003, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japr.2020.09.005
  33. Phytase and carbohydrase inclusion strategies to explore synergy within low-energy diets to optimize 56-day male broiler performance and processing vol.29, pp.4, 2003, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japr.2020.09.013
  34. Effects of Dietary Fiber on Nutrients Utilization and Gut Health of Poultry: A Review of Challenges and Opportunities vol.11, pp.1, 2003, https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11010181
  35. Biochemical characterization and enhanced production of endoxylanase from thermophilic mould Myceliophthora thermophila vol.44, pp.7, 2003, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-021-02539-1