Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences

  • 제16권1호
  • /
  • Pages.50-56
  • /
  • 2003
  • /
  • 1011-2367(pISSN)
  • /
  • 1976-5517(eISSN)
아세아태평양축산학회 (Asian Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Comparison of Some Selected Growth, Physiological and Bone Characteristics of Capon, Slip and Intact Birds in Taiwan Country Chicken Cockerels

  • Lin, Cheng-Yung (Department of Technical and Service, Taiwan Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture) ;
  • Hsu, Jenn-Chung (Department of Animal Science, National Chung-Hsing University)
  • 투고 : 2002.05.14
  • 심사 : 2002.08.26
  • 발행 : 2003.01.01
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

An experiment was carried out to compare the body weight, shank length, rectal temperature, comb area, abdominal fat, blood parameters and bone traits of capon, slip and intact birds in Taiwan country chicken cockerels. One hundred and sixty-six Taiwan country chicken cockerels were randomly assigned to caponized or intact male groups. Caponized birds were surgically altered at 10 weeks old and raised to 28 weeks old. At 28 weeks of age, the capons were separated into capon and slip groups, depending on the atrophy of the comb and wattle in size. The results showed that body weight and shank length in slips were significantly (p<0.05) greater than in intact birds. Intact birds had the highest (p<0.05）feather scores and the lowest (p<0.05) rectal temperature. Compared with intact birds and slips, capons had a significantly (p<0.05) smaller comb area. Bone percentage, stress and cortical thickness, and bone and ash calcium content and plasma testosterone concentration, in intact birds were the highest (p<0.05) followed by slips and capons. However, intact birds had the lowest (p<0.05) plasma ionized calcium and phosphorus concentrations. Bone and ash manganese contents in capons were significantly (p<0.05)lower than those in others. These findings support the hypothesis that androgenic effects on secondary sexual characteristics are stronger than anabolic growth promoting response. Androgens can directly influence calcium fluxes in male chickens. Caponized caused a reduction in the bone percentage, stress, cortical thickness and bone calcium content.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Association Official Analytical Chemists. 1984. Official methods of analysis. 14th ed. Washington, DC:Association Official Analytical Chemists.
  2. Burke, W. H. and H. M. Edwards. 1994. Effect of early castration on body weight, muscle growth, and bone characteristics of male Nicholas strain turkeys. Poult. Sci. 73:457-463. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0730457
  3. Chen, K. L., C. P. Wu and Y. M. Hong. 2000. Meat quality and carcass traits of capon in comparison with intact male and female Taiwan country chicken. J. Chin. Soc. Anim. Sci. 29:77-88. (in Chinese)
  4. Crenshaw, T. D., E. R. Peo, Jr. A. J. Lewis and B. D. Moser. 1981. Bone strength as a trait for assessing mineralization in swine：a critical review of techniques involved. J. Anim. Sci. 53:827-835. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1981.533827x
  5. Crenshaw, T. D.1986. Reliability of dietary Ca and P levels and bone minerals content as predictors of bone mechanical properties at various time periods in growing swine. J. Nutr. 116:2155-2170. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/116.11.2155
  6. Dahlberg, E., M. Snochowski and J. A. Gustafson. 1981. Regulation of the androgen and glucocorticoid receptors in rat and mouse skeletal muscle cytosol. Endocrinology 108:1431-1440. https://doi.org/10.1210/endo-108-4-1431
  7. Deyhim, F., R. E. Moreng and E. W. Kienholz. 1992. The effect of testosterone propionate on growth of broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 71:1921-1926. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0711921
  8. Fennell, M. J. and C. G. Scanes. 1992a. Inhibition of growth in chickens by testosterone, $5{\alpha}$-dihydrotestosterone, and 19-nortestosterone. Poult. Sci. 71:357-366. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0710357
  9. Fennell, M. J. and C. G. Scanes. 1992b. Effect of androgen (testosterone, $5{\alpha}$-dihydrotestosterone, and 19-nortestosterone) administration on growth in turkey. Poult. Sci. 71:539-547. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0710539
  10. Fennell, M. J., S. V. Radecki, J. A. Proudman and C. G. Scanes. 1996. The suppressive effects of testosterone on growth in young chickens appears to be mediated via a peripheral androgen receptor；Studies of the anti-androgen ICI 176,334. Poult. Sci. 75:763-766. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0750763
  11. Gan, M. T. 1986. The effects of rearing methods and perch on the daily activity, agonistic behavior, sexual behavior and economic traits of Taiwan Country Chicken. Master thesis, Department of Animal Science, National Chung-Hsing University, Taiwan, ROC. (in Chinese)
  12. Gill, R. K., R. T. Turner, T. J. Wronski and N. H. Bell. 1998. Orchiectomy markedly reduces the concentration of the three isoforms of transforming growth factor beta in rat bone, and reduction is prevented by testosterone. Endocrinology 139:546-550. https://doi.org/10.1210/en.139.2.546
  13. Greendale, G. A., S. Edelstein and E. Barrett-Connor. 1997. Endogenous sex steroids and bone mineral density in older women and men：The rancho bernardo study. J. Bone Miner. Res. 12:1833-1843. https://doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.1997.12.11.1833
  14. Griggs, R. C., W. Kingston, R. F. Jozefowicz, B. E. Herr, G. Forbes and D. Halliday. 1989. Effect of testosterone muscle mass and muscle protein synthesis. J. Appl. Physiol. 66:498-503.
  15. Hanssler, I. And R. Prinzinger. 1979. The effects of male sex hormone testosterone on body temperature and energy metabolism in male Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 70A:247-250.
  16. Hegsted, D. M. 1973. In：R. S. Goodhart and M. E. Shils, (eds.): Modern nutrition in health and disease, pp. 268. 5th ed. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
  17. Hofbauer, L. C., R. M. Ten and S. Khosla. 1999. The antiandrogen hydroxyflutamide and androgens inhibit interleukin-6 production by an androgen-responsive human osteoblastic cell line. J. Bone Miner. Res. 14:1330-1337. https://doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.1999.14.8.1330
  18. Hutt, F. B. 1929. Sex dimorphism and variability in the appendicular skeleton of the Leghorn fowl. Poult. Sci. 8:202-218. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0080202
  19. Jaap, R. C. and R. Penquite. 1938. Criteria of conformation in market poultry. Poult. Sci. 17:425-430. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0170425
  20. Johnson, N. E., B. F. Harland, E. Ross, L. Gautz and M. A. Dunn. 1992. Effects of dietary aluminum and niacin on chick tibiae. Poult. Sci. 71:1188-1195. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0711188
  21. Jones, D. G. and W. F. Lamoreux. 1943. Estimation of the size of comb live fowl. Endocrinology 32:356-360. https://doi.org/10.1210/endo-32-4-356
  22. Katznelson, L., J. S. Finkelstein, D. A. Schoenfeld, D. I. Rosenthal, E. J. Anderson and A. Klibanski. 1996. Increase in bone density and lean body mass during testosterone administration in men with acquired. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 81:4359-4365.
  23. Koch, T. and E. Rossa. 1973. Antaomy of the chicken and domestic birds. P. 12. Humbaldt University, West Germany.
  24. Landauer, W. 1937. Studies on the creeper fowl. XI. Castration and length of bones of the appendicular skeleton in normal and creeper fowl. Anat. Rec. 69:247-253. https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.1090690213
  25. Lilburn, M. S., K. Ngiam-Rilling and J. H. Smith. 1987. Relationships between dietary protein, dietary energy, rearing environment, and nutrient utilization by broiler breeder pullets. Poult. Sci. 66:1111-1118. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0661111
  26. Lilburn, M. S., K. Ngiam-Rilling and D. J. Myers-Miller. 1989. Growth and development of broiler breeds. 2. Independent effects of dietary formulation versus body on skeletal and muscle growth. Poult. Sci. 68:1274-1281. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0681274
  27. Lin, C. C. 1999. Effects of different age of injecting estradiol into Taiwan country chicken on the agonistic behavior, sexual behavior, social status, economic traits and texture properties of breast meat in the later period of growing and the maturate. Master thesis, Department of Animal Science, Nationial Chung-Hsing University, Taiwan, ROC. (in Chinese)
  28. Lin, C. Y. and J. C. Hsu. 2002. Effects of surgical caponization on growth performance, fiber diameter and some physical properties of muscles in Taiwan country chicken cockerels. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 15:401-405.
  29. Mast, M. G., H. C. Jordan and J. H. Macneil. 1981. The effect of partial and complete caponization on growth rate, yield, and selected physical and sensory attributes of cockerels. Poult. Sci. 60:1827-1833. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0601827
  30. Mauras, N., S. Q. Doi and J. R. Shapiro. 1996. Recombinant human insulin-like growth factor I, recombinant human growth hormone, and sex steroids：Effects on markers of bone turnover in humans. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 81:2222-2226. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.81.6.2222
  31. Mauras, N., V. Y. Hayes, N. E. Vieira, A. L. Yergey and K. O. O'Brien. 1999. Profound hypogonadism has significant negative effects on calcium balance in males: A calcium kinetic study. J. Bone Miner. Res. 14:577-582. https://doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.1999.14.4.577
  32. Moghetti, P., R. Castello, N. Zamberlan, M. Rossini, D. Gatti, C. Negri, F. Tosi, M. Muggeo and S. Adami. 1999. Spironolactone, but not flutamide, administration prevents bone loss in hyperandrogenic women treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 84:1250-1254. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.84.4.1250
  33. Pearce, J. 1977. Effect of testosterone on hepatic lipid metabolism in the mature female domestic fowl. J. Endocrinpl. 75:343-344. https://doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.0750343
  34. Pederson, L., M. Kremer, J. Judd, D. Pascoe, T. C. Spelsberg and B. L. Riggs. 1999. Androgens regulate bone resorption activity of isolated osteoclasts in vitro. Proceedings of the National Acadeemy of Sci., USA 96:505-510. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.96.2.505
  35. Peh, H. C. and Y. P. Lee. 1985. The cockerels serum testosterone and it's relationships with daily activities, carcass traits and meat qualities. J. Chin. Soc. Anim. Sci. 14:91-98. (in Chinese)
  36. Pierson, F. W., P. Y. Hester and E. K. Wilson. 1981. The effect of caponization and dietary 17$\alpha$-methyltestosterone on the incidence of leg abnormalities in turkeys. Poult. Sci. 60:2144-2149. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0602144
  37. Prescott, J. H. D. and G. E. Lamming. 1964. The effects of castration on meat production in cattle, sheep and pigs. J. Agric. Sci. 63:341-357. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600016026
  38. Puche, R. C. and M. C. Romano. 1968. The effect of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and testosterone on the development of chick embryo frontal bones in vitro. Calcify. Tiss. Res. 2:133-144. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02279202
  39. Puche, R. C. and M. C. Romano. 1969. The effect of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate on the mineral accretion of chick embryo frontal bones cultivated in vitro. Calcify. Tiss. Res. 4:39-47. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02279104
  40. SAS. 1988. SAS user guide：Statistics. SAS Inst., Cary, NC.
  41. Stewart, P. A. and K. W. Washburn. 1983. Wariation in growth hormone, triiodthyroxine and lipogenic enzyme activity in broiler strains differing in growth and fatness. Growth 47:411-425.
  42. Turner, R. T., K. S. Hannon, L. M. Demers, J. Buchanan and N. H. Bell. 1989. The effects of fluoride on bone and implant histomorphometry in growing rats. J. Bone Miner. Res. 4:477-484. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.5650040405
  43. Vandeschueren, D., E. Van Herck, A. M. H. Suiker, W. J. Visser, L. P. C. Schot and R. Bouillon. 1992. Bone and mineral metabolism in aged male rats：short and long term effects of androgen deficiency. Endocrinology 130:2906-2916. https://doi.org/10.1210/en.130.5.2906
  44. Vandeschueren, D. and R. Bouillon. 1995. Androgens and bone. Calcif. Tissue Int. 56:341-346. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00301598
  45. Wakley, G. K., H. D. Schritte, K. S. Hannon and R. T. Turner. 1991. Androgen treatment prevents loss of cancellous bone in the orchiectomized rat. J. Bone Miner. Res. 6:325-330. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.5650060403
  46. Wang, H. T. 2001. Effects of surgical caponization and administration of estradiol to chicken embryos on daily activity, agonistic behavior, growth performance, carcass traits and sensory evaluation of male Taiwan country chickens. Master thesis. Department of Animal Science, National Chung-Hsing University, Taiwan, ROC (in Chinese)
  47. Yeh, L. T. 1990. Effects of declawing, perch, and separating two sexes during rearing period on daily activity, agonistic, behavior, sexual behavior in the puberty period and economic traits of Country Chickens. Master thesis. Department of Animal Science National Chung-Hsing University, Taiwan, ROC. (in Chinese).

피인용 문헌

  1. Osteometric Effects of Surgical Caponisation on Some Long Bones in Cockerel Chickens vol.2014, pp.2314-7865, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/645071
  2. Long-bone properties and development are affected by caponisation and breed in Polish fowls vol.58, pp.3, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1080/00071668.2017.1280770
  3. Effects of Caponization on Bone Characteristics and Histological Structure in Chickens vol.19, pp.2, 2003, https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2006.245
  4. Effect of Caponization on Muscle Composition, Shear Value, ATP Related Compounds and Taste Appraisal in Taiwan Country Chicken Cockerels vol.24, pp.7, 2003, https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2011.10068
  5. Effect of Caponisation on Bone Development in Native Male Chickens vol.19, pp.4, 2003, https://doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2019-0057