Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences

Asian Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies (아세아태평양축산학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effect of Feeding Saturated Fat on Milk Production and Composition in Crossbred Dairy Cows

  • Sarwar, Muhammad (Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture) ;
  • Sohaib, Amer (Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture) ;
  • Khan, Muhammad Ajmal (Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture) ;
  • Nisa, Mahr-un (Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture)
  • Received : 2001.10.18
  • Accepted : 2002.06.20
  • Published : 2003.02.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

To see the effect of Beragfat T-300, a by pass fat, on the production and composition of milk, four primiparous crossbred cows in their early lactation were used in a $4{\times}4$ Latin Square Design. Each period was of 30 days including 15 days of adjustment period. The diets were formulated to contain 0, 2.5, 3.5 and 4.5% of Bergafat and were isonitrogenous and isoenergetic. The intake of DM, OM, CP, NDF, ADF, Cellulose and ADL were not affected, however, the EE intake was increased by the supplementation of Bergafat in the diet of cows. The digestibilities of NDF and EE remained unaffected, whereas the digestibilites of DM, OM and CP were reduced. Milk yield remained unaltered, while 4%FCM yield increased as a result of adding Bergafat in the daily ration. Bergafat upto 4.5% of the diet DM can be added in the diet of crossbred cows without any adverse effect on the DM intake and digestibilities of DM and NDF. Furthermore, Bergafat does not cause any butter fat depression in the milk of cows.

Keywords

References

  1. AOAC, 1990. Official Methods of Analysis. Assoc. off. Anlyt. hemists, 15th Ed. Arlington Virginia, USA.
  2. Andrew, S. M., H. F. Tyrrell, C. K. Reynolds and R. A. Erdman. 1991. Net energy for lactation of calcium soaps of fatty acids for cows fed silage-based diets. J. Dairy Sci. 74:2588. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78437-3
  3. Bertrand, J. A. and L. W. Grimes. 1997. Influence of tallow and Aspergillus oryzae, fermentation extract in dairy cattle rations. J. Dairy Sci. 80:1179. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(97)76045-4
  4. Boggs, D. L., W. G. Bergen and D. R. Hawkins. 1987. Effect of tallow supplementation and protein with drawl on ruminal fermentation, microbial synthesis and site of digestion. J. Anim. Sci. 64:907. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1987.643907x
  5. Boila, R. J., Maclnnis-Mabon and J. R. Ingalls. 1993. Response of dairy cows to barley grain, tallow or whole sunflower seeds as supplemental energy in early lactation. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 73:327. https://doi.org/10.4141/cjas93-035
  6. Brown, W. H., J. W. Stull and G. H. Stott. 1962. Fatty acids composition of milk. 1. Effect of roughage and dietary fat. J. Dairy Sci. 45:191. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(62)89364-3
  7. Brumby, P. E., J. E. Storry, J. A. Bines and R. J. Fulford. 1978. Utilization of energy for maintenance and production in dairy cows given protected tallow during early lactation. J. Agric. Sci. Camb. 91:151. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600056707
  8. Canale, C. J., L. D. Muller, H. A. McMahon, T. J. Whitsel, G. A. Varga and M. J. Lormore. 1992a. Dietary fat and ruminally protected fatty acids for high producing dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 73:135. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(90)78656-0
  9. Casper, D. P., D. J. Schingoethe and W. A. Eisenbeisz. 1990. Response of early lactation cows to diets that vary in ruminal degradability of carbohydrates and amount of fat. J. Dairy Sci. 73:425. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(90)78689-4
  10. Chalupa, W., B. Vecchiarelli, A. E. Elser, D. S. Kronfeld, D. Sklan and D. L. Palmquist. 1986. Ruminal fermentation in vivo as influenced by long-chain fatty acids. J. Dairy Sci. 69:1293. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(86)80535-5
  11. Chalupa, W. B., D. S. Rickabaugh, D. S. Kronfeld and D. Sklan. 1984. Rumen fermentation in vitro as influenced by longchain fatty acids. J. Dairy Sci. 67:1439. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(84)81459-9
  12. Chan, S. C., J. T. Huber, C. B. Theurer, Z. Wu, K. H. Chan and J. M. Simas. 1997. Effect of supplemented fat and protein source and ruminal fermentation and nutrient flow to duodenum in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 80:152. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(97)75922-8
  13. DePeters, E. J., S. J. Taylor and R. L. Baldwin. 1989. Effect of dietary fat in isocaloric ration on the nitrogen content of milk from Holstein cows. J. Dairy Sci. 72:2949. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(89)79447-9
  14. Dunkley, W. L., N. E. Smith and A. A. Frank. 1977. Effects of feeding protected tallow on composition of milk fat. J. Dairy Sci. 60:1863. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(77)84116-7
  15. Eastridge, M. L. and J. L. Firkins, 1991. Feeding hydrogenated fatty acids and triglycerides to lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 74:2610. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78439-7
  16. Eastridge, M. L., D. M. Cunningham and J. A. Patterson. 1988. Effect of dietary energy source and concentrate on performance of dairy cows during early lactation. J. Dairy Sci. 71:2959. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(88)79893-8
  17. Elliot, J. P., J. K. Drackley, D. J. Schauff and E. H. Jester. 1993. Diets containing high oil corn and tallow for dairy cows during early lactation. J. Dairy Sci. 76:775. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(93)77401-9
  18. Erickson, P. S., M. R. Murphy and J. H. Clark. 1992. Supplementation of dairy cows diets with calcium salts of long-chain fatty acids and nicotinic acid in early lactation. J. Dairy Sci. 75(4):1078. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(92)77852-7
  19. Ferguson, J. D., J. Torralba, P. L. Schneider, B. Vecchiarelli, D. Sklan, D. S. Kronfeld and W. Chalupa. 1998. Response of lactating cows in commercial dairies to calcium salts of longchain fatty acids. J. Dairy Sci. 71:254.
  20. Finn, A. M., A. K. Clark, J. K. Drackley, D. J. Schingoethe and T. Sahlu. 1985. Whole rolled sunflower seeds with or without additional limestone in lactating dairy cattle ration. J. Dairy Sci. 68:903. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(85)80908-5
  21. Firkins, J. L. and M. L. Eastridge. 1992. Replacement of forage or concentrate with combinations of soy hulls, sodium bicarbonate or fat for lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 75:2752. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(92)78038-2
  22. Grainger, R. B., M. C. Bell, J. W. Stround and F. H. Baker. 1961. Effect of various rations and corn oil on crude cellulose digestibility by sheep. J. Anim. Sci. 20:319.
  23. Grummer, R. R. 1988. Influence of prilled fat and calcium salts of palm oil fatty acids on ruminal fermentation and nutrient digestibility. J. Dairy Sci. 71:117. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(88)79532-6
  24. Grummer, R. R. 1991. Effect of feed on the composition of milk fat. J. Dairy Sci. 74:3244. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78510-X
  25. Harrison, J. H. 1991. Use of whole cottonseed in the diet of the lactating dairy cow. In : Proc. 42nd. Montana Livest. Nutr. Conf. Montana State Unive., Bozeman. p. 61.
  26. Harrison, J. H., R. L. Kincaid, J. P. McNamara, S. Waltner, K. A. Loney, R. E. Riley and J. D. Cronrath. 1995. Effect of whole cottonseed and calcium salts of long-chain fatty acids on performance of lactation dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 78:181. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(95)76628-0
  27. Hermansen, J. E. 1989a. Feed intake and milk yield at increasing supplement of palmitic and stearic fatty acids, high type of fat in comparison with animal fat. Nut. Abst. and Rew 59(8): 3524, 1989.
  28. Hoffman, P. C., R. R. Grummer, R. D. Shaver, G. A. Broderick and T. R. Drendel. 1991. Feeding supplemental fat and undegraded intake protein to early lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 74:3468.
  29. Jenkins, T. C. and B. F. Jenny. 1989. Effect of hydrogenated fat on feed intake, nutrient digestion and lactation performance of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 75:2752. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(92)78038-2
  30. Jenkins, T. C. and B. F. Jenny. 1992. Nutrient digestion and lactation performance of dairy cows fed combinations of prilled fat and canola oil. J. Dairy Sci. 75:796. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(92)77818-7
  31. Jenkins, T. C. and D. L. Palmquist. 1982. Effects of added fat and calcium on in vitro formation of insoluble fatty acids soap and cell wall degradability. J. Anim. Sci. 55(u):957. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1982.554957x
  32. Jenkins, T. C. 1990. Nutrient digestion, ruminal fermentation, and plasma lipid in stress fed combinations of hydrogenated fat and lecithin. J. Dairy Sci. 72:2934.
  33. Jenkins, T. C. and D. L. Palmquist. 1984. Effects of fatty acids or calcium soaps on rumen and total nutrient digestibility of dairy rations. J. Dairy Sci. 67:978. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(84)81396-X
  34. Jerred, M. J., D. J. Carroll, D. K. Combs and R. R. Grummer. 1990. Effects of fat supplementation and immature alfalfa to concentrate ratio on lactation performance of dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 73:2842. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(90)78972-2
  35. Johnson, J. C. Jr., P. R. Utley, B. G. Mullinix, Jr. and A. Merrill. 1988. Effects of adding fat and lasalocid to diets of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 71:2151. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(88)79788-X
  36. Jones, D. F., W. P. Weiss and D. L. Palmquist. 2000. Short communication: influence of dietary tallow and fish oil on milk fat composition. J. Dairy Sci. 88:2024.
  37. Kent, B. A. and M. J. Arambel. 1988. Effect of calcuium salts of long-chain fatty acids on dairy cows in early lactation. J. Dairy Sci. 71:2412. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(88)79826-4
  38. Khorasani, G. R., P. H. Robinson, G. DeBoer and J. J. Kennely. 1991. Influence of canola fat on yield, fat percentage, fatty acid profile and nitrogen fractions in Holstein milk. J. Dairy Sci. 74:1904. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78356-2
  39. Kim, Y. K., D. J. Schingoethe, D. P. Casper and F. C. Ludens. 1991. Lactational response of dairy cows to increased dietary crude protein with added fat. J. Dairy Sci. 74:3891. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78582-2
  40. Klusmeyer, T. H., G. L. Lynch, J. H. Clark and D. R. Nelson. 1991a. Effects of calcium salts of fatty acids and protein source on ruminal fermentation and nutrient flow to duodenum of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 74:2206. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78394-X
  41. Maiga, H. A., D. J. Schingoethe and F. C. Ludens. 1995. Evaluation of diets containing supplemental fat with different sources of carbohydrates for lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 78:1122. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(95)76729-7
  42. Moody, E. G., P. J. VanSoet, R. E. MacDowell and G. L. Ford. 1967. Effects of high temperature and dietary fat on performance of lactating cows. J. Dairy Sci. 50:1909. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(67)87747-6
  43. Moore, J. H., W. Steele and R. C. Noble. 1969. The relationship between dietary fatty acids plasma lipid composition and milk fat secretion in the cow. J. Dairy Res. 36:383. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022029900012899
  44. Nicholson, J. W. G. and J. D. Sutton. 1971. Some effects of unsaturated oils given to dairy cows with rations of different roughage content. J. Dairy Res. 38:363.
  45. Palmquist, D. L. and E. A. Moser. 1981. Dietary fat effects on blood insulin, glucose utilization and milk protein content of lactating cows. J. Dairy Sci. 64:1664. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(81)82744-0
  46. Palmquist, D. L. and H. R. Conrad. 1980. High fat ration for dairy cows. Tallow and hydrolyzed blended fat at two intakes. J. Dairy Sci. 63:391. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(80)82945-6
  47. Palmquist, D. L. 1983. Use of fats in diets for lactating dairy cows. Fats in animals nutrition. J. Wiseman, Ed. Butterworths, London.
  48. Palmquist, D. L. 1984. Use of fats in diets for lactating dairy cows. Fats in animal nutrition (Ed. J. Wiseman). Butterworths, London.
  49. Pantoja, J., J. L. Firkins and M. L. Eastridge and B. L. Hull. 1996a. Fatty acid digestion in lactating dairy cows fed fats varying in degree of saturation and different fiber sources. J. Dairy Sci. 79:575. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(96)76402-0
  50. Pantoja, J., J. L. Firkins and M. L. Eastridge. 1996b. Fatty acid digestibility and lactation performance by dairy cows fed fats varying in degree of saturation. J. Dairy Sci. 79:429. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(96)76382-8
  51. Pennington, J. A. and C. L. Davis. 1975. Effects of intra-ruminal and intra-abomasal additions of cod-liver oil on milk fat production in the cow. J. Dairy Sci. 58:49. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(75)84516-4
  52. Rindsig, R. G. and L. H. Schultz. 1974. Effect of amount and frequency of feeding safflower oil on related milk, blood and rumen components. J. Dairy Sci. 57:1037. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(74)85005-8
  53. Rodriguez, L. A., C. C. Stallings, J. H. Herbeins and M. L. McGilliard. 1997. Effect of degradability of dietary protein and fat on the ruminal, blood and milk components of Jersey and Holstein cows. J. Dairy Sci. 80:353. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(97)75945-9
  54. Salfer, J. A., J. G. Linn, D. E. Otterby and W. P. Hanson. 1995. Early lactation responses of Holstein cows fed a rumen/ inert fat prepartum, and postpartum or both. J. Dairy Sci. 78:368. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(95)76645-0
  55. Sarwar, M., Mahr-un-Nisa and M. A. Feroz. 1999. Energy utilization is not a constant function of metabolic body size in ruminant animals. Intl. J. Agric. Biol. 1:196.
  56. Schauff, D. J. and J. H. Clark. 1992. Effects of feeding diets containing calcium salts of long-chain fatty acids to lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 75:2990. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(92)78063-1
  57. Schauff, D. J., J. P. Elliott, J. H. Clark and J. K. Drackley. 1992b. Effects of feeding lactating cows diets containing whole soybeans and tallow. J. Dairy Sci. 75:1923. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(92)77952-1
  58. Schauff, D. J., J. H. Clark and J. K. Drackley. 1992a. Effects of feeding lactating cows diets containing extruded soybeans and calcium salts of long-chain fatty acids. J. Dairy Sci. 75:3003. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(92)78064-3
  59. Schneider, P., D. Sklan, W. Chalupa and D. S. Kronfeld. 1988. Feeding calcium salts of fatty acids to lactating cows. J. Dairy Sci. 71:2143. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(88)79787-8
  60. Shaver, R. D. 1990. Fat sources for high producing dairy cows. In: Proc. 51st Minnesota Nutr. Conf., St. Paul. p. 13.
  61. Simas, J. M., J. T. Huber, Z. Wu, K. H. Chen, S. C. Chan, C. B. Theurer and R. S. Swingle. 1995. Influence of steam flaked sorghum grain and supplemental fat on performance of dairy cows in early lactation. J. Dairy Sci. 78:1526. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(95)76774-1
  62. Sklan, D., R. Ashkenazi, A. Braun, A. Devorin and K.Tabori. 1992. Fatty acids, calcium soaps of fatty acids and cottonseeds fed to high yielding cows. J. Dairy Sci. 75:2463. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(92)78008-4
  63. Sokal, R. R. and F. J. Rohlf. 1995. Biometry - The principles and practice of statistics in biological research. W. H. Freeman and company, New York, USA.
  64. Solomon, R., L. E. Chase, D. Ben-Ghedalia and D. E. Bauman. 2000. Effect of nonstructural carbohydrate and addition of full fat extruded soybeans on the concentration of conjugated linoleic acid in milk fat of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 83:1322. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(00)74998-8
  65. Son, J., R. J. Grant and L. L. Larson. 1996. Effects of tallow and escape protein on lactational and reproductive performance of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 79:822. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(96)76430-5
  66. Steele, W. 1983. Intestinal absorption of fatty acids and blood lipid composition. J. Dairy Sci. 66:520. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(83)81820-7
  67. Stern, M. D., K. A. Santos and L. D. Satter. 1985. Protein degradation in rumen and amino acid absorption in small intestine of lactating dairy cattle fed heat-treated whole soybeans. J. Dairy Sci. 68:45. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(85)80796-7
  68. Storry, J. E. and J. A. F. Rook. 1965. The effects of diet in hay and high in flaked maize on milk fat secretion and on concentration of certain nutrients in blood plasma of the cow. Br. J. Nutr. 19:101. https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN19650009
  69. Storry, J. E., P. E. Brumby, A. J. Hall and B. Tuckley. 1974a. Effects of free and protected forms of cod-liver oil on milk fat secretion by the cow. J. Dairy Sci. 57:1046. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(74)85006-X
  70. Storry, J. E., P. E. Brumby, A. J. Hall and V. W. Johnson. 1974b. Response of the lactating cow to different methods of incorporating casein and coconut oil in the diet. J. Dairy Sci. 57:61. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(74)84832-0
  71. Tackett, V. L., J. A. Bertrand, T. C. Jenkins, F. E. Pardue and L. W. Crimes. 1996. Interactions of dietary fat and acid detergent fiber diets of lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 79:270. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(96)76360-9
  72. Tamminga, S. 1981. Effect of the roughage / concentrate ratio on nitrogen entering the small intestine of dairy cows. Neth. J. Agric. Sci. 29:273.
  73. Van Keulen, J. and B. A. Young. 1977. Evaluation of acid insoluble ash as a natural marker in the ruminant digestibility studies. J. Dairy Sci. 44:282. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(61)89733-6
  74. Van Soest, P. J., H. B. Robertson and B. A. Lewis. 1991. Method of dietary fiber, NDF and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal material. J. Dairy Sci. 74:3583. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2
  75. Weiss, W. P. and D. J. Wyatt. 2000. Effect of oil content and kernel processing of corn silage on digestibility and milk production by dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 83:351. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(00)74886-7
  76. Wu, Z. and J. T. Huber. 1994. Relationship between dietary fat supplementation and milk protein concentration in lactating cows: A review. Livestock Prod. Sci. 39:141. https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-6226(94)90180-5

Cited by

  1. Nutrient Intake, Acid Base Status and Growth Performance of Thalli Lambs Fed Varying Level of Dietary Cation-anion Difference vol.20, pp.11, 2003, https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2007.1713
  2. Effect of Feeding Calcium Salts of Palm Oil Fatty Acids on Performance of Lactating Crossbred Cows vol.21, pp.3, 2003, https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2008.60505
  3. Palmitic acid-enriched fat supplementation alleviates negative production responses during early lactation of Holstein dairy cows vol.60, pp.13, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1071/an18526