간외 담도암에서 수술 후 방사선치료의 역할

The Role of Postoperative Radiation Therapy in Extrahepatic Bile Duct Cancers

  • 김우철 (인하대학교 의과대학 방사선종양학과) ;
  • 이돈행 (인하대학교 의과대학 소화기내과) ;
  • 이건영 (인하대학교 의과대학 일반외과) ;
  • 이미조 (인하대학교 의과대학 방사선종양학과) ;
  • 김헌정 (인하대학교 의과대학 방사선종양학과) ;
  • 이석호 (인하대학교 의과대학 방사선종양학과) ;
  • 노준규 (인하대학교 의과대학 방사선종양학과)
  • Kim Woo Chul (Department of Radiation Oncology, Inha University Hospital) ;
  • Lee Don Haeng (Department of Gastroenterlogy, Inha University Hospital) ;
  • Lee Keon Young (Department of Surgery, Inha University Hospital) ;
  • Lee Mi Jo (Department of Radiation Oncology, Inha University Hospital) ;
  • Kim Hun Jung (Department of Radiation Oncology, Inha University Hospital) ;
  • Lee Suk Ho (Department of Radiation Oncology, Inha University Hospital) ;
  • Loh John JK (Department of Radiation Oncology, Inha University Hospital)
  • 발행 : 2003.06.01

초록

목적: 간외 담도암에서 수술 단독군과 수술 후 방사선치료가 시행된 군의 비교를 통하여 방사선치료의 역할을 알아보고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 1997년 1월부터 2000년 12월까지 인하대병원에서 근치적 절제술을 받은 41명의 간외 담도암 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 이 중 22명의 환자는 수술 단독으로 치료되었고(1군) 19명의 환자는 수술 후 방사선치료가 시행되었다(2군). 수술은 완전절제가 시행된 경우가 1군에서는 11명(50$\%$)이었고 2군에서는 7명(36.8$\%$)이었다. 나머지 환자는 절제연 양성으로 현미경적 미세 종양이 남아 있었다. 두 군 간에 병기, 수술 방법, 병리 소견 등의 분포의 차이는 없었다. 방사선치료는 10MV X-ray를 이용하여 45$\~$54 Gy (중앙값: 50.4 Gy)를 원발 종양과 주변 림프절에 조사하였다. 결과: 1군에서는 국소실패한 환자가 12명(54.5$\%$)인 반면 2군에서는 3명(15.8$\%$)으로 수술 단독군에서 국소실패율이 의미있게 높게 나타났으며(p=0.010), 1군에서 국소실패한 12명 중 7명이 절제연 양성군에서 발생하였고 2군에서는 국소실패한 3명 모두가 절제연 양성에서 발생하여 완전절제군보다 절제연 양성군에서 국소실패가 월등히 높았다. 1군과 2군의 3년 전체 생존율은 각각 38.3$\%$, 38.9$\%$이었고 3년 무병 생존율은 각각 18.8$\%$와 26.3$\%$로 통계학적 차이를 보이지 않았다. 그러나 절제연 양성인 환자에서는 3년 생존율이 24.2$\%$와 36.4$\%$로 방사선치료군에서 좋았고 (p=0.06) 절제연 양성인 환자의 3년 무병생존율은 18.2$\%$와 25.0$\%$로 통계학적으로도 의미 있게 방사선치료군이 좋았다(0=0.04). 결론: 간외 담도암 환자에서 수술 후 방사선치료는 국소 제어율을 높이며, 특히 절제연이 양성인 환자에서는 생존율을 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 생각한다.

Purpose: The goal of this study was to determine the role of postoperative radiation therapy in extrahepatic bile duct cancers. Materials and Methods: Between 1997 and 2001, 41 patients with extrahepatic bile duct cancer having undergone surgical resection were retrospectively analyzed. Of the 41 patients, 22 were treated by surgery alone (Group I) with remaining 19 treated by surgery and postoperative radiation therapy (Group II). A gross total surgical resection with pathologically negative margins was peformed in 11 of the patients (50$\%$) in Group 1, and in 7 of the patients (36.8$\%$) in Group II. There were no significant differences in the disease stage, surgical procedure or pathological characteristics of the two groups. The patients in group II received 45$\~$54 Gy (median: 50.4 Gy) of external beam radiation therapy to the tumor bed and draining nodal area. Results: The local failure rate was significantly higher In group I (54.5$\%$) than in group II (15.8$\%$)(p=0.01). Of the 12 failed patients in Group I and the 3 failed patients in group II, 7 and 3 had a positive resection margin. The overall 3-year survival rates were 38.3 and 38.9$\%$ and the 3-year disease free survival rates were 18.8 and 26.3$\%$ in groups I and II, respectively. However, the patients with positive resection margins who received adjuvant radiation therapy had higher 3-year overall survival rates than those with surgery alone (36.4$\%$ vs. 24.2$\%$, p=0.06), and 3-year disease free survival rate was significantly higher in the group II patients who had positive margins compared with those in group I (25.0$\%$ vs. 18.2$\%$, p=0.04). Conclusion: Postoperative adjuvant radiation therapy appeared to reduce the incidence of local failure in patients with extrahepatic bile duct cancer, and might improve the survival rate in the patients with positive resection margins.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Ministry ofHealthand Welfare. Annualreport of the central cancer registry in Korea, 1998
  2. LillemoreKD. Currentstatus ofsurgery for Klatskin tumors. Curr Opin Gen Surg 1994;161-167
  3. Chao TC, Greager JA. Carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile ducts. J Surg Oncol 1991;46:145-150 https://doi.org/10.1002/jso.2930460303
  4. Klempnauer J, Ridder GJ, Werner M, Weimann A, Pichlmayr R. What constitutes long term survival after surgery for hilar cholangiocarcinoma? Cancer 1997;79:26-34
  5. Nakeeb A, Pitt HA, Sohn TA, et al. Cholangiocarcinoma. A spectrum of intrahepatic, perihilar, and distal tumors. Ann Surg 1996;224:463-473 https://doi.org/10.1097/00000658-199610000-00005
  6. Washburn WK, Lewis WD, Jenkins RL. Aggressive surgical resection for cholangiocarcinoma. Arch Surg 1995;130: 270-276 https://doi.org/10.1001/archsurg.1995.01430030040006
  7. FritzP,BrambsHJ,SchraubeP,FreundU,BernsC, Wannenmacher M. Combined external beam radiotherapy and intraluminal high dose rate brachytherapy on bile duct carcinomas. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1994;29:855-861 https://doi.org/10.1016/0360-3016(94)90576-2
  8. Kopelson G, Galdabini J, Warshaw AL, et al. Patterns of failure after curative surgery for extra-hepatic biliary tract carcinoma: implications for adjuvant therapy.IntJRadiatOncolBiolPhys 1981;7:413-417
  9. Cameron JL, Pitt HA, Zinner MJ, etal.Management of proximal cholangiocarcinomas by surgical resection and radiotherapy. Am J Surg 1990;159:91-98 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9610(05)80612-9
  10. Verbeek PCM, van Leeuwen DJ, van Der Heyde MN, et al. Does additive radiotherapy after hailar resection improve survival of cholangiocarcinoma? Ann Chir 1991;45:350-354
  11. Kopelson G, Gunderson LL. Primary and adjuvant radiation therapy in gallbladder and extrahepatic biliary tract carcinoma. J Clin Gastroenterol 1983;5:43-50 https://doi.org/10.1097/00004836-198302000-00010
  12. TodorokiT,OharaK,KawamotoT,etal. Benefits of adjuvant radiotherapy after radical resection of locallyadvanced main hepaticduct carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2000;46:581-587 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0360-3016(99)00472-1
  13. Schoenthaler R, Castro JR, Halberg FE, et al. Definitive postoperative irradiation of bile duct carcinoma withchargedparticlesand/or photons. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1993; 27:75-82 https://doi.org/10.1016/0360-3016(93)90423-S
  14. Zlotecki RA, JungLA, Vauthey JN, etal. Carcinoma of the extrahepatic biliary tract: surgery and radiotherapy for curative and palliative intent. Radiat Oncol Investig 1998; 6:240-247 https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1520-6823(1998)6:5<240::AID-ROI6>3.0.CO;2-R
  15. Mahe M, Romestaing P, Talon B, et al. Radiation therapy in extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma. Radiother Oncol 1991; 21:121-127 https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-8140(91)90084-T
  16. Veeze-Kuijpers B, Meerwaldt JH, LamerisJS, Blankenstein M, Putten LJ, Terpstra OT. The role of radiotherapy in the treatment of bile duct carcinoma. 1990;18: 63-67
  17. GanzalezDG,GerardJP,ManersAW,etal.Results ofradiation therapy in carcinoma of the proximal bile duct (Klatskin tumor). Semin Liver Dis 1990;10:131-140 https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1040466
  18. Alden ME, Mohiuddin M. The impact of radiation dosein combined external beam and intraluminal IR-192 brachytherapy for bile duct cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1994;28:849-854
  19. Sauz-Altamira PM, Ferante K,Jenkins RL, et al. A phase II trial of 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, and carboplatin in patients with unresectable biliary tree carcinoma. Cancer 1998;82:2321-2325 https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19980615)82:12<2321::AID-CNCR4>3.0.CO;2-V
  20. Patt YZ, Jones DV, Hoque A, etal. Phase II trial of intravenous fluorouracil and subcutaneous interferon alpha-2bforbiliarytractcancer.JClin Oncol 1996;14:2311-2315 https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1996.14.8.2311
  21. Harvey JH, Smithe FP, Schein PS. 5-Fluorouracil, mitomycin, and doxorubicin (FAM) in carcinoma of the biliary tract. J Clin Oncol 1984;2:1245-1248 https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1984.2.11.1245
  22. FooML, Gunderson LL,Bender CE, BuskirkSJ. External radiation therapy and transcatheter iridium in the treatment of extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1997;39:929-935 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0360-3016(97)00299-X
  23. Kim S, Kim SW, Bang YJ, Heo DS, HaSW. Role of postoperative radiotherapy in the management of extrahepatic bile duct cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2002; 54;414-419
  24. Todoroki T, Kawamoto T, Koike N, Fukao K, Shoda J, Takahashi H. Treatment strategy for patients with middle and lower thirdbileductcancer. Br J Surg 2001;88;364-370
  25. Nagorney DM,DonohueJH, Farnell MB, Schleck CD, Ilstrup DM. Outcomes after curative resections of cholangiocarcinoma. Arch Surg 1993;128:871-877 https://doi.org/10.1001/archsurg.1993.01420200045008