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The Effects of the Probability Activities in Thinking Science Program on the Development of the Probabilistic Thinking of Middle School Students

Thinking Science 프로그램의 확률 활동이 중학생의 확률적 사고 형성에 미치는 효과

  • Kyung-In Shin (Hwacheon High School) ;
  • Sang-Kwon Lee (Department of Chemistry Education, Korea National University of Education) ;
  • Ae-Kyung Shin (Department of Chemistry Education, Korea National University of Education) ;
  • Byung-Soon Choi (Department of Chemistry Education, Korea National University of Education)
  • 신경인 (화천고등학교) ;
  • 이상권 (한국교원대학교 화학교육과) ;
  • 신애경 (한국교원대학교 화학교육과) ;
  • 최병순 (한국교원대학교 화학교육과)
  • Published : 2003.04.20

Abstract

The purposes of this study were to investigate the correlation between the cognitive level and the probabilistic thinking level and to analyze the effects of the probability activities in Thinking Science (TS) program on the development of probabilistic thinking. The 219 7th grade students were sampled in the middle school and were divided into an experimental group and a control group. The probability activities in TS program were implemented to the experimental group, while only normal curriculum was conducted in the control group. The results of this study showed that most of 7th grade students were in the concrete operational stage and used both subjective and quantitative strategy simultaneously in probability problem solving. It was also found that the higher the cognitive level of the students, the higher the probabilistic thinking level of them. The sample space and the probability of an event in the constructs of probability were first developed as compared to the probability comparisons and the conditional probability. The probability activities encouraged the students to use quantitative strategy in probability problem solving and to recognize probability of an event. Especially, the effectiveness was relatively higher for the students in the mid concrete operational stage than those in any other stage.

이 연구의 목적은 중학생의 인지수준과 확률적 사고수준을 측정하여 그 관계를 분석하고 Thinking Science (TS) 프로그램의 확률 활동을 적용하여 그 효과를 분석하는 것이다. 중학교 1학년 219명을 실험집단과 통제집단으로 나누어, 실험집단에는 TS 프로그램의 확률 활동을, 통제집단에는 전통적인 과학 수업을 적용하였다. 결과에 의하면, 중학생의 인지수준은 대부분 구체적 조작기에 해당하였고, 많은 학생들의 확률적 사고수준은 확률 문제 해결에 양적 전략을 사용하면서 주관적 전략도 함께 사용하는 과도기적인 수준이었다. 또한, 인지수준이 높을수록 확률적 사고 수준도 높았으며, 확률의 구성요소 중에서 표본 공간과 한 사건에 대한 확률이 확률 비교와 조건부 확률보다 먼저 발달하였다. TS 프로그램의 확률 활동은 학생들이 확률 문제 해결에 양적 전략을 사용하도록 하는 데에 효과적이었다. 특히 사전에 확률 문제 해결에 주관적 전략과 양적 전략을 혼용하던 중기 구체적 조작기인 학생들이 사후에 양적 전략을 사용하도록 하고, 한 사건에 대한 확률을 인식하도록 하는 데에 효과가 있었다.

Keywords

References

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