The study on toothbrush filaments

칫솔 강모 형태에 관한 연구

  • Han, Seung-Min (Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, Seoul National University) ;
  • Yang, Seung-Min (Department of Dentistry, College of Medicine, Sung Kyun Kwan University) ;
  • Lee, Young-Moo (Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, Seoul National University) ;
  • Ku, Young (Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, Seoul National University) ;
  • Rhyu, In-Chul (Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, Seoul National University) ;
  • Chung, Chong-Pyoung (Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, Seoul National University) ;
  • Choi, Sang-Mook (Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, Seoul National University) ;
  • Han, Soo-Boo (Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, Seoul National University)
  • 한승민 (서울대학교 치과대학 치주과학교실) ;
  • 양승민 (성균관대학교 의과대학 치과교실) ;
  • 이용무 (서울대학교 치과대학 치주과학교실) ;
  • 구영 (서울대학교 치과대학 치주과학교실) ;
  • 류인철 (서울대학교 치과대학 치주과학교실) ;
  • 정종평 (서울대학교 치과대학 치주과학교실) ;
  • 최상묵 (서울대학교 치과대학 치주과학교실) ;
  • 한수부 (서울대학교 치과대학 치주과학교실)
  • Published : 2002.12.31

Abstract

The aim of this study is to investigate the end of filaments of the different toothbrushes in the market through the stereomicroscope and to evaluate the % of rounded-end filaments considered to be acceptable. 9 brands, total 11 type toothbrushes were tested. 2 toothbrushes of each type which is marked as rounded-end filaments were tested. The toothbrushes which are not marked as rounded-end filaments were excluded. The domestic as well as foreign toothbrushes which are familiar to consumers were tested. 2 tufts of each toothbrushes were cut and examined by stereomicroscope using $40{\times}$ magnification. The procedure was carried out with blind-technique, and the digital photographs were taken. Besides the % of rounded-end filaments, total tufts number, material of the tuft, stiffness, and other special characteristics were recorded. By the classification of Silverstone and Featherstone, rounded-end filaments were examined and counted. The results shows that there are different range of rounded-end filaments according to the toothbrush types(17.7%-91.2%). Atman toothbrush has the most rounded-end filaments(91.2%) among the observed toothbrushes, and the Advantage Plus(Ora1-B) has the next(86.75%). E-Clean #411 has the least(17.70%) and E-Clean #410 of the same brand has also low % rounded-end filaments(20.60%). While G.U.M #409(Butler) has 67.90% rounded-end filaments, G.U.M #471 of the Same brand has comparative low 41.83% rounded-end filaments. 4 types of total 11 have the rounded-end filaments over 80%, however other 4 types have under even 50%. Considering that the correct brushing habit with a toothbrush which has rounded-end filaments can protect the gingival injury and tooth abrasion, it is thought that we dentists need to give the correct information about toothbrush to the patients

Keywords

References

  1. Loe H., Teilade E. & Jensen S.B. Experimental gingivitis in man. Journal of periodontology 1965;36:177-187 https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1965.36.3.177
  2. Lindhe J., Hamp S. & Loe H. Experimental periodontitis in beagle dogs. Journal of periodontal research 1973;8:1-10 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.1973.tb00735.x
  3. Nyman S., Rosling B. & Lindhe J. The effect of professional tooth cleaning on healing after periodontal surgery. Journal of clinical periodontology 1975;2:80-86 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1975.tb01728.x
  4. Rosling B., Nyman S. & Lindhe J. The effect of systemic plaque control on bone regeneration in infrabony pockets, Journal of clinical periodontology 1976;3:38-53. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1976.tb01849.x
  5. Schmid M.D., Balmelli O.P. & Soxer V.P. Plaque-removing effect of a tooth brush, dental floss and tooth pick. Journal of clinical periodontology 1976;3:157-165 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1976.tb01863.x
  6. 임상예방치학(이우문화사 1993)
  7. Anneroth G, Poppelman A. Histological evaluation of gingival damage by toothbrushing. Acta Odont Scand 1975;33:119 https://doi.org/10.3109/00016357509026352
  8. Alexander J.F., Saffir A.J. & Gold W. The measurement of the effect of toothbrush on soft tissue abrasion. Journal of dental research 1977;56:722-727 https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345770560070301
  9. Breitenmoser J., Morman W. & Muhlemann H.R. Demamging effects of toothbrush bristle end form on gingiva. Journal of periodontology 1979;50:212-216 https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1979.50.4.212
  10. Danser M.M., Timmerman M.F., Ijzerman Y., Bulthuis H., Van Der Velden U. & Van der Weijden, G.A. Evaluation of the incidence of gingival abrasion as a result of tooth brushing. Journal of clinical periodontology 1998;25:701-706 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1998.tb02510.x
  11. Massassati A. & Frank R.M. Scanning electron microscopy of unused and used manual tooth-brushes. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 1982;9:148-161 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1982.tb01231.x
  12. Silverstone LM, Featherstone MJ. Scanning electron microscopic study of the end-rounding of bristles in eight toothbrush types. Quintenssence Intl 1988;19:87-107
  13. Bass CC. The optimum characteristics of toothbrushes for personal oral hygiene. Dent Items Int 1948;70:697-718
  14. Khocht A., Simon G., Person P. & Denepitiya J. L. Gingival recession in relation to history of hard toothbrush use. Journal of periodontology 1993;64:900-905 https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1993.64.9.900
  15. Adriaens P.A., Seynhaeve T.M. & De Boever J.A. A morphologic and SEM investigation of 58 toothbrushes. Clinical preventive dentistry 1985;7:8-15
  16. Chong M.P. & Beech D.R. Characteristics of toothbrushes. Australian dental journal 1983;28:202-211 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1834-7819.1983.tb02952.x
  17. Murly C.A., Dellerman P.A., Ludwa R.J., White D,J. & Wild J.E. A comparison of the endrounding of nylon bristles in commercial toothbrushes: Crest Complete and Oral-B. Journal of clinical dentistry 1992;3:47-50
  18. Dellerman P.A., Burkett T.A. & Kreyling K,M. A comparative evaluation of the percent acceptable end-rounded bristles: Butler G. U. M., Colgate Plus, Crest Complete, and Reach. Journal of clinical dentistry 1994;5:38-45
  19. Checchi L., Minguzzi S., Forteleoni G. Toothbrush filaments end-rounding: stereomicroscope analysis. Journal of clinical periodontology 2001;28:360-364 https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-051x.2001.028004360.x
  20. Franchi M, Checchi L. Temperature dependence of toothbrush bristle morphology. An ultrastructural study. Journal of clinical periodontology 1995;22:655-658 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1995.tb00821.x
  21. Samuel L. Yankell, Xiuren Shi, Comparative laboratory evaluation of three toothbrushes regarding interproximal access efficacy. Journal of clinical dentistry 1992;suppl C:C5-C8
  22. Surendra M. Singh, Kedar N. Rustogi, Margaret Petrone, JD. Clinical studies regarding the plaque removal efficacy of manual toothbrushes. Journal of clinical dentistry 1992;Suppl C.:C21-C28
  23. Naresh C. Sharma, Kedar N. Rustogi, Comparative plaque removal efficacy of three toothbrushes in two independent clinical studies. Journal of clinical dentistry 1992;Suppl C:C13-C20