깊이별 토양 부식산의 분자량분포 및 분광학적 특성 규명

Molecular Size Distribution and Spectroscopic Characterization of Humic and Fulvic Acids Extracted from Soils in Different Depth

  • 신현상 (서울산업대학교 환경공학과) ;
  • 이동석 (강원대학교 공과대학 환경.생물공학부) ;
  • 정근호 (한국원자력연구소 환경연구팀) ;
  • 이창우 (한국원자력연구소 환경연구팀)
  • Shin, Hyun-Sang (Department of Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University of Technology) ;
  • Rhee, Dong-Sock (Department of Environmental Engineering, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Chung, Kun-Ho (Environmental Research Team, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute) ;
  • Lee, Chang-Woo (Environmental Research Team, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute)
  • 투고 : 2002.04.16
  • 발행 : 2002.08.25

초록

본 연구는 토양에 침적된 방사능 물질의 거동에 부식산이 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위한 기초연구로서 깊이별 토양에 존재하는 휴믹산과 풀빅산을 추출하여 그 특성을 분석하였다. 휴믹산과 풀빅산의 분자량 분포는 한외여과법을 이용하여 조사하였으며, 분광학적 특성으로는 자외선-가시광선, 적외선 및 형광분광 분석을 실시하였다. 휴믹산의 주요 분자량 분포 영역은 30~100 kDa (46~56%)이었으며, 풀빅산은 10~30 kDa (33~43%) 이었다. 토양 깊이가 증가할수록 휴믹산과 풀빅산 분자의 분자량은 전체적으로 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 자외선-가시광선 분석 결과, 휴믹산이 풀빅산에 비하여 전체적으로 1.4~1.5배 더 높은 흡광계수 (280 nm)를 나타내었고, 휴믹산의 경우 토양 깊이가 증가할수록 흡광계수가 증가하였다. Synchronous 형광 분석 결과, 휴믹산과 풀빅산의 방향족 고리화합물은 428 nm 영역 (type 1)과 498 nm 영역 (type II)에서의 형광피크에 해당하는 두 가지 특성 구조를 가짐을 알 수 있었다. 휴믹산 분자는 대부분 장파장 영역 (type II)에서의 방향족 고리구조 특성을 보였으며, 휴믹산과 풀빅산 모두 토양층의 깊이가 증가할수록 장파장 영역의 방향족 고리 특성이 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 적외선 분석 결과, 풀빅산이 휴믹산에 비해 카르복실기 (${\sim}1720cm^{-1}$)의 피크세기가 높았으며, 토양 깊이가 증가할수록 휴믹산과 풀빅산분자의 카르복실기의 피크세기가 증가하는 특성을 보였다.

Humic and fulvic acids present in soil of different depth were extracted and their characteristics were analyzed as a basic study to evaluate the effect of humic substances on the behaviour of radioactive elements deposited on soil. Molecular size distribution of the humic and fulvic acids was measured by stirred cell ultrafiltration technique and the structural informations were obtained from their UV-Vis., IR and synchronous fluorescence (SyF) spectral analysis. Main molecular size ranges of the soil 1) humic and fulvic acids were 30~100 kDa (46~56%) and 10~30 kDa (33~43%) respectively, and their overall molecular sizes were found to became smaller with increasing the soil depth. Absorptivities measured at 280 nm in the UV-Visible spectra of humic acids were 1.4~1.5 times higher than those of fulvic acids, and increased with increasing the soil depth. SyF spectral data showed two distinct peak components having maximum peak positions of 428 nm (type I) and 498 nm (type II) for the soil humic and fulvic acids. From the analysis of the peak components, it was found that humic molecules are mainly made up of aromatic compounds corresponding to longer wavelength (type II), and the molecular components increased with increasing the soil depth. Analysis of IR spectral data indicated that the humic molecules contain a higher relative concentration of carboxylic groups than those of fulvic molecules, and the carboxylic group contents are seen to increase as the soil depth increase.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. I. Shigematsu, 'The International Chernobyl Project', ISBN 92-0-129291-4, pp. 69-70, IAEA, Vienna, 1991.
  2. C. W. Lee, 'Environmental Radiation Monitoring around the nuclear facilities', KAERI/RR-1872/98, 1999.
  3. P. W. Perkins, C. W. Thomas, 'World wide fallout', In Transuranic element in the environment, .W. C. Hanson. Ed., DOE/TIC-22800, National Technical infromation service, Springfield, 1980.
  4. K. Bunzl, W. Kracke and W. Schimmack, Analyst, 117, 469-474(1992).
  5. P. J. Coughtrey, M. C. Throne and D. Jackson, 'Radionulcide distribution and transport in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems', Vol. 1. A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, 1986.
  6. M. Yamamoto, S. Yamamori, K. Komura and M. Sakanoue, J. Radiat. Res., 21, 204-210(1980).
  7. G. I. Agapkina, F. A. Tikhomirov and L. V. Berketova, J. Environ. Radioactivity, 29, 257-269(1995).
  8. M. H. Lee, Y. H Choi, H. S. Shin, S. B. Kim and C. W. Lee, J. Korean. Asso. Radiat. Prot., 23, 97-102(1998).
  9. J. Stevenson, 'Humus Chemistry, Genesis, Composition, Reactions', pp 453-471, Wiley, New York, U.S.A., 1994.
  10. I. H. Suffet and Patrick Mcknight, 'Aquatic Humic Substances - Influence on Fate and Treatment of Pollutants', pp 83-116, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC., U.S.A., 1987.
  11. F. J. Stevenson, 'Geochemistry of soil humic substances', In Humic Substances in Soil, Sedment and Water, Aiken G. R. MaKnight, D. M. and Warshaw, R. L. Eds., John Wiley and Sons, New York, U.S.A., 1985.
  12. M. H. Lee and C. W. Lee, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 239, 471-476(1999)
  13. H. S. Shin, Ph. D. dissertation, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1996.
  14. C. J. Tadanier, D. F. Berry and W. R. Knocke, 'Environ. Sci. Technol., 34, 2348-2353(2000)
  15. H. S. Shin, K. H. Hong, M. H. Lee, Y. H Cho and C. W. Lee, Talanta 53, 791-799(2001)
  16. V. D. Tuan, Anal. Chem. 50, 396-401(1978)
  17. T. M. Miano and N. Sensei, Sci. Total. Environ., 117/118, 41-51(1992)
  18. F. J. Stevenson and K. M Goh, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 35, 471-482(1971)