Morphological and Cellular Characteristics of Aerial Roots in the Epiphytic American Ivy (Parthenocissus sp.)

착생식물 기근의 형태 및 세포학적 특성

  • 임지은 (계명대학교 자연과학대학 생물학과) ;
  • 김인선 (계명대학교 자연과학대학 생물학과)
  • Published : 2002.12.01

Abstract

The morphology and cellular characteristics of adventitious roots, viz aerial roots, in the epiphytic American Ivy were examined to reveal structural changes of the aerial root upon surface attachment. Immature aerial roots were composed of parenchyma cells with dense cytoplasm containing plastids, however, the upper and lower epidermis were not distinguished. At early development, electron-dense substances (EDS) were constituents of much of the aerial root tissue, but the distribution of EDS varied within the tissue. The deposits appeared most concentrated in the superficial cell layers, with lesser amounts in cell layers closer to the cortex. Electron micrographs revealed that EDS deposits were always found in the vacuole, and were mainly associated with the tonoplast. While most of them occurred in the vacuole as small spherical deposits adjacent to the tonoplast, some deposits were oddly shaped or larger in size. Many of the vacuoles eventually filled with EDS, but the EDS content in those vacuoles decreased substantially after initial attachment to the surface. When the vacuoles became almost empty, cells near the epidermis already exhibited irregularity in outline. Subsequent breakdown of cellular components took place in the cells while they were still attached to the surface. This study suggests the potential role of EDS as substances involved in the surface attachment of the plant, however, further studies must be conducted to reveal the nature of EDS and the effects of EDS storage within these vacuoles.

착생식물인 American Ivy의 기근이 흡착 표면에 부착할 때 착생에 따라 일어나는 형태 및 세포수준에서의 분화현상을 전자현미경적으로 연구하였다. 발달 중의 어린 기근은 향축면과 배축면이 구별되지 않는 곤봉상의 형태로 세포소기관들이 비교적 발달하며 색소체가 분포하는 유세포로 구성되어 있다. 이때 유세포 내 여러 액포에는 전자밀도가 높은 물질(EDS)의 축적이 두드러지게 나타나기 시작하였고, 이러한 현상은 기근 표피의 최외층 및 인접한 세포층에서 가장 신속하게 일어났다. 착생하는 기근의 세포는 훨씬 확장되었으나, EDS의 축적으로 인한 액포의 융합으로 세포질은 세포벽 주위로 밀려 극히 일부만 분포하였다. 착생과 거의 동시에 이들 세포층에는 급격한 변화가 일어나 세포질 내 미세구조들이 분해 소실되었고 액포 내 다량의 EDS도 극히 소량만 잔류하거나 거의 사라져 세포는 공동화되었다. 이와 함께, 세포벽 또한 변형되어 점차 불규칙적인 형태의 세포들로 변하였다. 착생이 더욱 진행되면 양면의 표피조직 및 세포들은 모두 불규칙적인 형태로 변화되고, 표면 부위는 일련의 분비물질들이 축적되었다. 흡착이 진행되어 대상 물체표면에 강력히 착생하면서 조직은 더욱 밀착되고 구성 세포들은 찌그러져 기근 조직의 대부분 부위에서 세포사멸이 일어났다. 이와 같이 기근 조직의 기능적 단계에 따라 EDS의 급격한 변화가 나타났는데, 이는 아마 기근이 흡착면에 부착할 때 EDS가 착생과 연관된 기능을 수행하는 것과 관련이 있을 것으로 추정되고 있다.

Keywords

References

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