Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment (생태와환경)

The Korean Society of Limnology (한국수생태학회)
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The Impact of monsoon Rainfall (Changma) on the Changes of Water Quality in the Lower Nakdong River (Mulgeum)

장마기의 강우가 낙동강 하류 (물금) 수질에 미치는 영향

  • Park, Sung-Bae (Dept. of Biology, Pusan National University) ;
  • Lee, Sang-Kyun (Dept. of Biology, Pusan National University, Dept. of Environmental Science, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Chang, Kwang-Hyeon (Dept. of Biology, Pusan National University, Research and Education Center for Inlandwater Environment, Shinshu University) ;
  • Jeong, Kwang-Suek (Dept. of Biology, Pusan National University) ;
  • Joo, Gea-Jae (Dept. of Biology, Pusan National University)
  • 박성배 (부산대학교 생물학과) ;
  • 이상균 (부산대학교 생물학과, 강원대학교 환경과학과) ;
  • 장광현 (부산대학교 생물학과,信州大學　陸水環境敎育硏究센타) ;
  • 정광석 (부산대학교 생물학과) ;
  • 주기재 (부산대학교 생물학과)
  • Published : 2002.09.30
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Abstract

The impact of summer monsoon on water quality of the lower Nakdong River was evaluated during the summer (June-August) in 1997. Several limnological variables were measured in the interval of $1{\sim}3$ day using an automatic monitoring system (Hydrolab $Recorder^{TM}$) to detect water quality changes caused by rainfall on onehour basis. During the monsoon period (from late June to mid July), 5 times of major rainfall events of >50 mm were recorded in the river basin. Dynamic changes of water quality were observed during the monsoon, and the first rainfall event (June$25{\sim}27$) had a significant influence on the water quality at the lower part of the river. All Parameters were largely changed due to the first rain event, and the changed level was maintained until the end of monsoon period. Nutrient concentrations and turbidity increased and values of the other parameters were declined as a result of water dilution. This rainfall event, Changma, is a meteorological phenomenon caused by the East-Asian monsoon climate. The magnitude and frequency of the rainfall during the early monsoon play an important role in change of water quality and ecosystem characteristics of large river systems.

본 연구는 낙동강 하류에서 장마 기간의 강우가 수질 변화에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 1997년 하절기 장마기간 주요 집수역의 강우상황을 분석하고 낙동강 하류역 (물금)에서 $1{\sim}3$일 간격으로 수질항목(수소이온농도,　탁도, 투명도, 엽록소-a, 용존산소, 전기전도도, 수온)과　영양염류 등(총질소, 총인, 질산성 질소, 암모니아성 질소, 인산 인, 규산)을 측정하였다. 또한 갈수기 이후 큰 강에서 최초 집중강우가 수질 변화에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위하여 수질 자동측정장비(Hydrolab $Recorder^{TM}$)를　이용하여 장마 초기강우 전후에 1시간 간격으로 수질　및 수위변화를 모니터링하였다. 우리나라는 연간 강우의약 50%이상이 하절기 ($6{\sim}8$월)에 집중되며,　특히 장마는6월 하순경에 시작하여 7월 중순까지 약 한 달간 하천수환경에 크게 영향을 미친다. 1997년 장마기간동안 낙동강의 주요 집수역에서 50mm 이상의 강우가 내린 횟수는 총 5회였고,　여름기간 중 물금 지역에서 물리${\cdot}$화학적 환경요인에 급격한 변화가 일어난 시기는 장마 초기를 전후해서였다. 초기강우로 기초수질항목 중 수온, 수소이온농도, 전기전도도, 용존산소는 큰 폭으로 감소하였고 탁도, 영양염류 및 규산 등과 같은 항목은 증가하는 양상을 보였다. 하절기 엽록소-a 농도는 총인, 총질소의 높은 농도에도 불구하고 연중 최저치를 나타냈는데, 이는 장마 강우로 인한 탁도 증가와 수체의 체류시간감소 영향 등이 크게 작용한 것으로 사료된다. 장마 초기 강우 동안 영양염류의 농도는 크게 증가하는 양상을　보였으나 항목에 따라 그 패턴은 다소 상이했다. 장마는　몬순기후에 의해 발생하는 기상 현상으로,　연중 가장 두드러진 집중된 강우 및 급격한 유량변화를 유발함으로써 하천생태계에 큰 영향을 미치게 된다. 특히, 이 기간동안 강우의 빈도 및 강도는 하천의 육수학적 현상 변화와 패턴에 중요한 요소로서 작용하며, 이는 동아시아몬순기후대에 속하는 하천들에서 유사하게 발생하는 하천의 중요한 특성으로 사료된다.

Keywords

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