Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine (동의생리병리학회지)

The Physiological Society of Korean Medicine and The Society of Pathology in Korean Medicine (대한동의생리학회·한의병리학회)
권호 표지

Effects of Water Extracts of Persimmon Leaves to Cadmium Toxicity in Rats by Inhalation Exposure

시엽 추출물이 카드뮴에 흡입폭로된 랫드의 독성에 미치는 영향

  • Kang Sung Ho (Department of The Third Medicine, Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University) ;
  • Chun Byung Yeol (Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Kim Sang Duck (Department of The Third Medicine, Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University) ;
  • Song Young Son (Department of The Third Medicine, Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University) ;
  • Lee Ki Nam (Department of The Third Medicine, Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University) ;
  • Jeung Jae Yeal (Department of The Third Medicine, Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University)
  • 강성호 (원광대학교 한의학전문대학원 제3의학과) ;
  • 천병렬 (경북대학교 의과대학 예방의학교실) ;
  • 김상덕 (원광대학교 한의학전문대학원 제3의학과) ;
  • 송용선 (원광대학교 한의학전문대학원 제3의학과) ;
  • 이기남 (원광대학교 한의학전문대학원 제3의학과) ;
  • 정재열 (원광대학교 한의학전문대학원 제3의학과)
  • Published : 2002.02.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Experimental animals were divided into 5 groups; normal, cadmium control, and 3 experimental groups. Cadmium control and experimental groups were exposed to 1 mg/㎥ of cadmium aerosol in air by inhalation exposure for 6 hours/day, 5 days/week during 4 weeks. Dosages of 20, 40, and 80mg/kg of extracts of persimmon leaves were intraperitoneally injected to experimental groups respectively and several toxicological parameters and induction of metallothionein were measured from the rats that inhaled cadmium aerosol in air. The results of this study were as follows. Cadmium concentration that cadmium control and experimental groups were inhaled was 0.980±0.061 mg/㎥. Mass median diameter of cadmium aerosol for inhalation exposure was 4.93±0.483㎛. Cadmium content of normal group in lung was 0.088㎍/g and the highest cadmium content in lung, 55.492㎍/g was from 80mg/kg dose group. Cadmium concentration of normal group in blood was 0.348㎍/100㎖ and the highest cadmium concentration in blood, 2.642㎍/100㎖ was from cadmium control. Cadmium concentration of normal group in liver was 0.010㎍/g and the highest cadmium concentration in liver, 31.100㎍/g was from 20mg/kg dose group. Cadmium concentration of normal group in kidney was 0.030㎍/g and the highest cadmium concentration in kidney, 2.526㎍/g was from cadmium control. Cadmium concentration of normal group in intestine was O.064㎍/g and the highest cadmium concentration in intestine, 0.300㎍/g was from 80mg/kg dose group. The highest cadmium concentration in urine by week was 6.080㎍/day from 20mg/kg dose group in the fouth week and the highest cadmium concentration in feces by week was 341.731㎍/day from 20mg/kg dose group in the fouth week. Metallothionein concentration of normal group in lung was 5.769㎍/g and the highest in lung, 30.986㎍/g was from 80mg/kg dose group. Metallothionein concentration of normal group in liver was 38.856㎍/g and the highest in liver, 169.378㎍/g was from 40mg/kg dose group. Metallothionein concentration of normal group in kidney was 22.228㎍/g and the highest in kidney, 47.898㎍/g was from 80mg/kg dose group. Metallothionein concentration of normal group in intestine was 2.170㎍/g and the highest in intestine, 13.642㎍/g was from 80mg dose group.

Keywords

References

  1. Handbook on Toxicology of Metals. Frigerg,L.;G.F.Nordberg;V.B.Vouk
  2. Cadmium in the environment. 2nd ed. Friberg,L.;M.Piscator;G.F.Nordberg;T.Kjellstrom
  3. Chemistr, Biochemistry and Biology of Cadmium Biological Effects of Cadmium in Mammals. Samarawrickrama,G.P.;M.Webb.(edited by)
  4. Toxicology Letters v.4 Systemic Toxicity of Inhaled Cadmium Oxide. Hadley,J.G.;A.W.Conklin;C.L.Sanders https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-4274(79)90083-3
  5. Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol. v.54 Rapid Solubilization and Translocation of Cadmium-109 Oxide Following Pulmonary Deposition. Hadley,J.G.;C.L.Sanders;A.W.Conklin https://doi.org/10.1016/0041-008X(80)90016-2
  6. Health Physics v.12 Deposition and Retention Models for Internal Dosimetry of the Human Respiratory Tract. Task Group on Lung Dynamics
  7. Toxicol.Appl.Pharm. v.54 Induction of Hepatic Metallothionein in the Immature Rat Following Administration of Cadmium. Bell,J.U. https://doi.org/10.1016/0041-008X(80)90015-0
  8. Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol v.41 Relationship Between Plasma Cadmium-Thioein and Cadmium-Induced Nephropathy. Cherian,M.G.;R.A.Goyer;L.Denaquerriere-Richardson
  9. J.Bio.Chem. v.254 no.17 Radioimmunoassay of Metallothioneins. Vander-Mallie,R.J.;J.S.Garvey
  10. Environ.Health Perspect v.28 Metallothionein in the Extracellular Fluids as an Index of Cadmium Toxicity. Shaikh,Z.A.;K.Hirayama https://doi.org/10.2307/3428929
  11. Environ.Health Perspect. v.28 Investigations on the Lung and Kidney Function in Workers Exposed to Cadmium. Lauwery,R.R.;H.A.Roels;J.P.Buchet;A.Bernard;D.Stanescu https://doi.org/10.2307/3428916
  12. Toxicology v.62 The search for chelate antagonist for chronic cadmium intoxication. Jones,M.M.;Cherian,M.G. https://doi.org/10.1016/0300-483X(90)90027-E
  13. Crit.Rev.Toxicol. v.21 New developments in therapeutic chelating agents as antidotes for metal poisoning. Jones,M.M. https://doi.org/10.3109/10408449109089880
  14. Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol. v.66 The effects of repeated administration of several chelators on the distribution and excretion of cadmium. Cantilena,L.R.;C.D.Klassen.
  15. Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol. v.67 Isolated rat hepatocytes as a model system for screening chelators for use in cadmium intoxication. Cantilena,L.R.Jr.;N.H.Stacey;C.D.Klaassen https://doi.org/10.1016/0041-008X(83)90232-6
  16. J.Toxicol.Environ.Health v.6 Biliary excretion in rat.IV:Mobilization of cadmium from metallothionein by 2,3-dimercaptopropanol. Cherian,M.G. https://doi.org/10.1080/15287398009529859
  17. Toxicol.Apple.Pharmacol. v.80 Induction of hepatic metallothioneion in mouse liver following adminsitration of chelation agents. Goering,P.L.;S.K.Tandon;C.D.Klaassen https://doi.org/10.1016/0041-008X(85)90391-6
  18. Foods Biotechnol v.5 Antioxidative activity of flavonoids in persimmon leaves. Choi,S.W.;Kang,W.W.;Chung,S.K.;Choon,S.H.
  19. Chem.Pharm.Bull. v.32 Natural antioxidants.E.Antioxidative components of tea leaf (Thea sinesis L.). Hisayuki,T.;Shizuo.7;Yasuyuki,S.;Toshio,T.;Teruaki,H.;Shigeru,A.;Yushio,T. https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.32.2011
  20. Kor.J.Post Harvest Sci.Techonol.Agri.Products v.4 Antioxidative substances and their changes in the leaves of persimmon (Diospyros kaki) during growth. Kim.J.N.;Kim K.Y.;Roh,Y.K.;Choi,S.W.
  21. Kor.J.Food Sci.Technol. v.27 Changes of vitamin C and superoxide dismutase(SOD)-like activity of persimmon leaf tea by processing method and extraction condition. Park,Y.J.;Kang,M.H.;Kim.J.L.;Park,O.J.;Lee,M.S.;Jang,H.D.
  22. J.Kor.Soc.Food Nutr. v.25 Antimutagenic effects of persimmon leaf tea extracts in sister chrromatid exchange(SCE) assay systcm. Song,H.S.;Lee,H.K.;Jang,H.D.;Ki? 1.1.;Par? 0.1.;Lee,M.S.;Kang,M.H.
  23. M.D.Thesis Antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic effect of persimmon leaves. Moon.S.H.
  24. Bull. v.290I.M.-3-82. Series 290:Instruction Manual, Marple Personal Cascade Impactors. Marple,V.A.
  25. Biological Monitoring Methods for Industrial Chemicals Blood and Urine Cadmium by Graphite-Frunace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Baselt RC.
  26. Toxical Appl Pharmacol v.63 Comparison of metallothionein determination by polarographic and cadmium-saturation methods. Onosaka S;Charian MG. https://doi.org/10.1016/0041-008X(82)90049-7
  27. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol v.66 Evaluation of the Cd/Hb affinity assay for the rapid determination of methallothionein in biological tissue. Eaton DL;Toal BF. https://doi.org/10.1016/0041-008X(82)90068-0
  28. Methods Emzymol v.205 determination of metallothionein in tissue by cadmium-hemoglobin assay. Eaton DL;Cherian MG. https://doi.org/10.1016/0076-6879(91)05089-E
  29. Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals Cadmium. Frigerg,L.;Kjellstrom,T.;Nordberg,G.;L.Friberg;G.F.Nordberg;V.Vouk(Eds.)
  30. Cadmium and Health. Kinetic Model of Cadmium Metabolism. Kjellstrom,T.;Nordberg,G.F.;L.Friberg(et al.,Eds.)
  31. Cadmium and Health Nordberg,G.F.;Kjellstrom T.;Nordberg,M. Kinetics;Metabolism.;L.Friberg (et al.,Eds.)
  32. Biological Monitoring of Toxic Metals. Biological Monitoring of Cadmium. Nordberg,G.F.;Nordberg,M.;T.W.Clarkson (et al.,Eds.)
  33. Analytical Aspects and Health Significance v.1 Cadmium;Atomic Absorption Spectrometry in Occupational and Environmental Health practice Tsalev,D.L.;Zaprianov,Z.K.
  34. Toxicological Profile for Cadmium Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry(ATSDR)
  35. Br.J.Ind.Med. v.23 Acute cadmium fume poisoning;five cases with one death from renal necrosis. Beton,D.C.;Andrews,G.S.;Davies,H.J.(et al.)
  36. Lancet Fatal cadmium fume inhalation. Lucas,P.A.;Jariwalla,A.G.;Jones,J.H.(et al.)
  37. Effects and Response v.2 Respiratory effects.:Cadmium and health:A Toxicological and Epidemiological Appraisal Elinder,C.G.;L.Friberg;C.G.Elinder;T.Kjellstrom;G.F.Nordberg(edited by)
  38. Chest v.86 Cadmium chemical pneumonitis. Barnhart,S.;Rosenstock.L.
  39. Ann.Acad.Med.Singapore v.17 Respiratory function in cadmium battery workers-a follow-up study. Chan,O.Y.;Poh,S.C.;Lee,H.S.(et al.)
  40. Br.J.Ind.Med. v.39 Acyte cadnuyn obeynibutus:A 17-year follow-up. Townshend,R.H.
  41. Public Health Rep. v.76 Cadmium poisoning from a refrigerator shelf use as an improvised barbecue gill. Baker,T.D.;Hafner,W.G. https://doi.org/10.2307/4591200
  42. Br.Med.J. v.292 Self-poisoning with oral cadmium chloride. Buckler,H.M.;Smith,W.D.;Rees,W.D. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.292.6535.1559
  43. J.Environ.Health v.49 Cadmium food poisoning in a Missouri school. Shipman,D.L.
  44. Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol. v.74 Zinc-induced tolerance to cadmium hepatotoxicity. Goering,P.L.;Klaassen,C.D. https://doi.org/10.1016/0041-008X(84)90282-5
  45. Food Chem.Toxicol. v.28 Comparison of the toxicity of inorganic and liver-incorporated cadmium:A 4-week feeding study in rats. Groten,J.P.;Sinkeldam,E.J.;Luten,J.B.(et al.) https://doi.org/10.1016/0278-6915(90)90090-A
  46. Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. v.40 Studies on the increase in serum concentrations of urea cycle amino acids among subjects exposed to cadmium. Nishino,H.;Shiroishi,K.;Kagamimori,S.(et al.) https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01688380
  47. Environ.Res. v.26 In vivo Measurement of Liver and Kidney Cadmium in Worker Exposed to This Metal:Its Significance with Repect to Cadmium in Blood and Vrine. Roels,H.A.;R.R.Lauwerys;J.P.Bucket;A.Bernard;D.C.Chettle;T.C.Harvey;I.K.Al-Hadded https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-9351(81)90199-7
  48. Comprehensive Toxicology Volume2 Toxicological Testing and Evaluation. Sipes,G.;McQueen,C.A.;Gandolfi A.J.
  49. Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol. v.34 Studies on cadmium effects in living organism-impairment due to inhalation. Yoshikawa,H.;Kawai,K.;Suzuki,Y.;Nozaki,K.;Ohsawa,M. https://doi.org/10.1016/0041-008X(75)90146-5
  50. Report of the Task Group on Reference Man v.23 International Commission on Radiological Protection Snyder,W.S.
  51. Am.Ind.Hyg.Assoc.J. v.47 no.12 Acute inhalation study in the rat of comparative uptake, distribution and excretion for different dacmium containing materials. Rusch,G.M.;O'Grodnick,J.S.;Rinehart W.E.
  52. 한국영양학회지 v.25 no.5 식이 단백질과 calcium 수준이 흰주의 cadmium 중독 및 해독에 미치는 영향 권오란
  53. 한국영양학회지 v.29 no.6 식이내 Cysteine 수준이 흰주의 카드뮴과 납중독에 미치는 영향 류정미;김미경
  54. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol v.39 Biochemical and ultrastructural change in livers of cadmium-treated rats. Faeder E.J.;Chaney S.W.;King L.C.;Hinners T.A.;Bruce R.;Fowler B.A. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1054-3589(08)60079-4
  55. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol v.43 Does dependence of cadmium kinetics in the rat liver following intravenous injection. Frazier JM;Puglese J. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0041-008X(78)80005-2
  56. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. Kidney synthesizes less metallothionein than liver in response to cadmium chloride and cadmium metallothionein. Sendelbach,L.E.;Klaassen,C.D.
  57. Toxicology v.28 no.1 Cellular adaptation in metal toxicology and metallothionein. Cherian,M.G.;Nordberg,M.
  58. Am.J.Physiol. v.237 Biological function of metallothinein VII. Effect of age on its metabolism in rats. Oh,S.H.;Whanger,P.D.
  59. Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol. v.121 Induction of metallothionein by a Hederin. Choudguri,J.;Liu,S.;Y.P.Liu;H.Krepple;G.K.Andrews;C.D.Klaassen https://doi.org/10.1006/taap.1993.1139
  60. Toxicology v.116 Colchicine-induced elevation of tissue metallothionein contents is mediated by inflammation-independent serum factor. Itoh,N.;Kasmatsu,M.;Onosaka,S;Muto,N.;Tanaka,K. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0300-483X(96)03545-7