Information Systems Review (경영정보학연구)

The Korea Society of Management Information Systems (한국경영정보학회)
권호 표지

A Study on the Model Development for Intellectual Capital Valuation

지적자본 가치평가 모델 개발에 관한 연구

  • 김효근 (이화여자대학교 경영대학 경영학과) ;
  • 문윤지 (이화여자대학교 대학원 경영학과)
  • Published : 2002.11.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

As the society of knowledge becomes, the most competitive resource for corporations is knowledge. Furthermore corporations may evaluate and improve latent knowledge of `Intellectual Capital' (IC), which will be directly related with the existence of corporation in the future. Although it has been researched and proposed to evaluate IC value that is ignored relatively to tangible asset, the indexes of evaluating IC have never been examined and have been adopted by many corporations. Furthermore, as there is no systematic model to evaluate IC value, each corporation should re-evaluate IC valuation model. Economic wastes have been created under this situation. Therefore this study intends to develop a synthetic and systematic model for IC valuation. Consequently the model is consisted of 3 dimensions, 10 factors, 22 evaluation criteria, and 82 indexes, which was necessary for IC valuation. This model will be practically applied to IC valuation of corporations.

지식사회가 도래함에 따라 기업에게 가장 중요한 경쟁적 자원은 지식이 되었고, 이에 기업은 미래 조직의 생존과 직결된 '지적자본'(intellectual capital)이라는 잠재적 지식을 평가하고 향상시켜야만 하는 실정이 되었다. 지금까지 유형자산에 비해 상대적으로 간과되어 왔던 이러한 지적자본을 평가하고자 많은 연구가 진행되어 왔고 지적자본을 평가할 수 있는 다양한 지표들이 제시되어 왔지만, 기존에 제안되었던 지표들은 검증되지도 않은 채 여러 기업들에 의해 채택, 모방되고 있다. 또한 지적자본을 평가할 수 있는 체계적인 모델이 부재함으로써 지적자본을 평가하고자 할 때마다 기업들은 매번 처음부터 다시 작업해야 함으로써 많은 경제적 손실을 야기하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서 기존에 제시된 지표들을 검증하고 기존의 연구를 토대로 체계적인 가치평가 모델을 개발하고자 실증연구를 진행한 결과, 최종적으로 3개 차원, 10개 구성요인, 22개 평가항목, 82개 지표로 구성된 지적자본 가치평가모델을 개발하였다. 이는 향후 기업이 자사의 지적자본을 측정할 수 있는 토대가 되리라고 생각된다.

Keywords

References

  1. 김상옥, '지식자산 측정에 관한 실증연구,' 중앙대학교 석사학위논문, 2000
  2. 김효근, 강윤선, '지적자본이 기업의 성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 실증적 연구,' working paper, 이화여자대학교 지식정보화 전략 연구센터, 2001
  3. 김효근, 최인영, 강소라, '지식경영연구의 개관 및 향후 연구과제,' 지식경영연구, 제1권 제 1호, 2000, pp.19-47
  4. 애니 브루킹, 김광영 역, '지식자본: 2천년대 기업과 인간의 핵심자산,' 서울: 사람과 책, 1997
  5. 윌리엄 밴드, 이동구 역, '고객자본을 위한 가치창조,' 서울: 21세기 북스, 1994
  6. 레이프 에드빈슨, 마이클 멀론, 황지우 역, '지적지본,' 서울: 세종서적, 1998
  7. 로버트 캐플란, 데이비드 노튼, 송경근 역, '가치실현을 위한 통합경영지표 BSC,' 서울: 한언, 1998
  8. 마이클 스캇 몰튼, 김효근, 문윤지 역, 'MIT정보화 미래기업 보고서, 서울: 시그마 인사이트, 2000
  9. 장세진, '글로벌시대의 경쟁전략,' 서울: 박영사, 1998
  10. 조현철, 'LISREL에 의한 구조방정식 모델,' 서울: 석정, 1999
  11. 채서일, '사회자본과학 조사방법론,' 서울: 학현사, 1999
  12. 한국경제신문, 한경기업총람 2001 CD-ROM 타이틀, 한국경제신문, 2000
  13. Sveiby(칼 에릭 스베이비), '지식경영 성공을 위한 지식자산의 측정과 관리,' 서울: 미래경영개발연원, 1999
  14. Adam, E. E., 'Alternative quality improvement practices and organizational performance,' Journal of Operations Management, Vol. 12, 1994, pp. 27-44
  15. Amit, R. and Schoemaker, P. J. H., 'Strategic assets and organizational rent,' Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 14, 1993, pp. 33-46
  16. Arbuckle, J. L., Amos User's Guide Version 3.6, Smallwaters Corporation, Chicago, USA, 1997
  17. Barua, A., Kriebel, C. H. and Mukhopadhyay, T., 'Information technologies and business value: An analytic and empirical investigation,' Information Systems Research, Vol. 6, No. 1, 1995, pp. 3-23 https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.6.1.3
  18. Bontis, N. 'Intellectual capital and business performance in Malaysian industries,' Journal of Intellectual Capital, Vol. 1, No. 1, 2000, pp. 85-100 https://doi.org/10.1108/14691930010324188
  19. Bontis, N., 'Intellectual capital: an exploratory study that develops measures and models,' Management Decision, Vol. 36, No. 2, 1998, pp. 63-76 https://doi.org/10.1108/00251749810204142
  20. Brooking, A., 'The Management of Intellectual Capital,' Long Range Planning, Vol. 30, No. 3, 1997, pp. 364-365 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-6301(97)80911-9
  21. Campbell, D. T., Fisker, D. W., Convergent and Discriminant Validity by the Multitrait-Multimethod Matrix, Psychological Bulletin, 1959
  22. Cohen, W. and Levinthal, D., 'Absorptive capacity: a new perspective on learning and innovation,' Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 35, 1990, pp. 128-152 https://doi.org/10.2307/2393553
  23. Conner, K. R., 'A Historical Comparison of Resource-Based Theory and Five Schools of Thought within Industrial Organization Economics,' Journal of Management, Vol. 17, No. 1, 1991, pp. 121-154 https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700109
  24. Davenport, T. H, David, W. D. L., Beers, M. C., 'Successful Knowledge Management Project,' Sloan Management Review, Vol. 30, No. 2, 1998, pp. 43-57
  25. Dierickx, I., Cool, K., 'Asset Stock Accumulation and Sustainability of Competitive Advantage,' Management Science, Vol. 35, No. 12, 1989, pp. 1504-1511 https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.35.12.1504
  26. Edvinsson, L., 'Developing Intellectual Capital at Skandia,' Long Range Planning, Vol. 30, No.3, 1997, pp. 366-373 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-6301(97)90248-X
  27. Edvinsson, L. and Sullivan, P., 'Developing a Model for Managing Intellectual Capital,' European Management Journal, Vol. 14, No. 4, August 1996, pp. 356-364 https://doi.org/10.1016/0263-2373(96)00022-9
  28. Eskildsen, J. K. and Nussler, M. L., 'The drivers of employee satisfaction and loyalty,' Total Quality Management, Vol. 11, No. 4-6, Jul. 2000, pp. 581-588 https://doi.org/10.1080/09544120050007913
  29. Eskildsen, J. K. and Dahgaard J. J., 'A causal model for employee satisfaction,' Total quality management, Vol. 11, No. 8, 2000, pp. 1081-1094 https://doi.org/10.1080/095441200440340
  30. Evans, J. R. & Lindsay, W. M., The Management and Control of Quality, St Paul, West Publishing Company, 1999
  31. GAO Study, Report to the House of Representatives on Management Practices, US Companies Improve Performance Through Quality Efforts, Washington, DC, US General Accounting Office, 1991
  32. Hall, R., 'The strategic analysis of intangible resources,' Strategic Management Review, Vol. 13, 1992, pp. 135-144
  33. Hiebler, R. J., 'Benchmarking Knowledge Management,' Strategy Leadership, March-April 1996, pp. 22-24
  34. Hoopes, D. G., Postrel, S., 'Shared Knowledge, 'Glitches', and Product Development Performance,' Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 20, No. 9, 1999, pp. 837-865
  35. Kaplan, R. S. and Norton, D. P., 'The Balanced Score-card-Measures that Drive Performance,' Harvard Business Review, Jan-Feb. 1992, pp. 71-79
  36. Knight, D. J., 'Performance Measures for Increasing Intellectual Capital,' Strategy & Leadership, March-April 1999, pp. 22-27
  37. Kuei, C. H., Madhu, C. N., 'Managers' perceptions of factors associated with quality dimensions for the different types of firms,' Quality Management Journal, Vol. 2, 1995, pp. 67-80
  38. Kwok, R. C. W. and Khalifa, M., 'Effect of GSS on Knowledge Acquisition,' Information and Management, Vol. 34, No. 6, 1998, pp. 307-315 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7206(98)00062-7
  39. Leonard, D. and Sylvia, S., 'The Role of Tacit Knowledge in Group Innovation,' California Management Review, Vol. 40, No. 3, Spring 1998, pp. 112-132 https://doi.org/10.2307/41165946
  40. Lester, S. W. and Kickul, J., 'Psychological contracts in the 21st century: What employee value most and how well organization are responding to these expectations,' Human Resource Planning, Vol. 24, No. 1, 2001, pp. 10-21
  41. Nonaka, I., 'The Knowledge-Creating Company,' Harvard Business Review, Vol. 69, No. 6, Nov/Dec. 1991, pp. 96-105
  42. Nonaka, I. and Takeuchi, H., The Knowledge Creating Company, New York, Oxford University Press, 1995
  43. Nunnally, J. C., Psychological Theory, 2nd ed., McGraw-Hill, 1978
  44. Peteraf, M, A., 'The Cornerstones of Competitive Advantage: A Resource-Based View,' Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 14, No. 3, 1993, pp. 179-191 https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250140303
  45. Porter, M. E and Millar, V. E., 'How Information Gives You Competitive Advantage,' Harvard Business Review, Vol. 63, No. 4, Jul/Aug. 1985, pp. 149-161
  46. Porter, M. E., Competitive Strategy, The Free Press, 1980
  47. Powell, G. T., 'Total quality management as competitive advantage: A review and empirical study,' Strategic Management Journal of Operations Management, Vol. 17, 1995, pp. 393-409
  48. Prahalad, C. K. and Hamel, G., 'The Core Competence of the Corporation,' Harvard Business Review, Vol. 68, No. 3, May-Jun. 1990, pp. 79-92
  49. Reed, R., DeFillipi, R. J., 'Causal Ambiguity, Barriers to Imitation, and Sustainable Competitive Advantage,' Academy of Management Review, Vol. 15, No. 1, 1990, pp. 88-102 https://doi.org/10.2307/258107
  50. Roos, J., 'Exploring the Concept of Intellectual capital (IC),' Long Range Planning, Vol. 31, No. 1, 1998, pp. 150-153 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-6301(97)87431-6
  51. Roos, G and Roos, J., 'Measuring your Company's Intellectual Performance,' Long Range Planning, Vol. 30, No. 3, 1997, pp. 413-426 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-6301(97)90260-0
  52. Saint-Onge, H., 'Tacit Knowledge: The Key to the Strategic Alignment of Intellectual Capital,' Strategy Leadership, March/April 1996, pp. 10-14
  53. Skryme, D. J. and Amidon, D. A., Creating the knowledge-based business, Business Intelligence Ltd., London, UK, 1997
  54. Stewart, T. A., Intellectual Capital: The New Wealth of Organizations, Doubley/Currency, New York., 1997
  55. Stewart, T. A., Your Company's Most Valuable Asset: Intellectual Capital, Fortune, October 1994, pp. 68-74
  56. Sureschandar, G. S, Rajendram, C., Anantharanman, R. N., 'The relationship between management's perception of total quality service and customer perceptions of service quality,' Total Quality Management, Vol. 13, No. 1, 2002, pp. 69-88 https://doi.org/10.1080/09544120120098573
  57. Teece, D. J., 'Capturing value from knowledge assets: The new economy, markets for know-how, and intangible assets,' California Management Research, Vol. 40, No. 3, 1998, pp. 55-79 https://doi.org/10.2307/41165943
  58. Vian, K. and Johansen, R, Knowledge Synthesis and Computer-Based Communication Systems: Changing Behaviors and Concepts, Temple University Press, 1983
  59. Walsh, J. P. and Ungson, G. R., 'Organizational memory,' Academy of Management Review, Vol. 16, No. 1, 1991, pp. 51-91
  60. Wernerfelt, B., 'A Resource-Based View of the Firm,' Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 5, No. 2, 1993, pp. 171-180 https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250050207
  61. Wiig, K. M., 'Integrating Intellectual Capital and Knowledge Management,' Long Range Planning, Vol. 30, No. 3, 1997, pp. 399-405 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-6301(97)90256-9
  62. Zander D. and Kogut B., 'Knowledge and the Speed of the Transfer and Imitation of Organizational Capabilities: An Empirical Test,' Organization Science, Vol. 6, No. 1, 1995, pp. 76-92 https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.6.1.76
  63. Bontis, N., Assessing Knowledge Assets: A review of the models used to measure intellectual capital, http://www.business.queensu.ca/kbe
  64. Lev, B., Intangibles: management, measurement, and reporting, December 2000, http://www.Baruch-lev.com