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Comparison of Nutritional Composition in Korean Rices

쌀 품종별 백미와 현미의 영양성분 조성 비교

  • 최정숙 (농촌진흥청 농촌생활연구소) ;
  • 안훈희 (농촌진흥청 농촌생활연구소) ;
  • 남희정 (명지대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Published : 2002.10.01

Abstract

The purpose of this research was to prove the excellency of unpolished (brown) rice with respect to nutritional composition and to compare chemical composition among six varieties of rice. Some nutritional composition in the Polished (well -milled) rice and unpolished (brown) rice of the six typical Korean varieties (Chucheong, Hwasung, Odae, Ilmi, Dongjin, Ilpum) were determined. Most of nutrients in the brown rice were much greater than those in the milled rice and there was significant difference among rice varieties in some chemical compositions. The major minerals of milled rices were Ca, 6~15 mg%;P, 91~125mg%;Fe, 0.3~1.2mg%; Na, 10~14mg%;K, 106~205 mg%; Zn, 1.0~1.8mg%; and Mg, 32~58 mg%. The mineral contents of brown rices wre Ca, 4~11mg%;P, 92~286mg%;Fe, 1.3~1.9mg%;Na, 12~15mg%;K, 243~320mg%;Zn, 1.5~2.3mg%;Mg, 112~140mg%. Major fatty acids in six rice varieties were linoleic acid, oleic acid and palmitic acid, which comprised of about 93% of total fatty acid. Amino acid analysis showed that aspartic acid, glutamic acid, arginine and leucine were major amino acids, whereas histidine, threonine and tryptophan were minor ones of rice. Most ammo acid contents was higher in Ilmi than the other varieties. The contents of vitamin in brown rices were considerably higher than those in well-milled rice. There was not significant difference in total dietary fiber among rice varieties : 1.1~1.2% for milled rice,3.2~3.5% for brown rice.

표준재배법으로 육성한 주요재배 장려품종 6종(화성, 추청, 오대, 일품, 일미, 동진)의 백미차 현미중의 영양성분(일반성분, 무기질, 지방산, 아미노산, 섬유소 등)을 분석한 결과 1. 도정에 따른 전체적인 무기질의 변화를 보면 인, 철, 나트륨. 칼륨, 아연, 마그네슘의 경우 도정률이 증가할수록 함량이 감소되는 경향을 보였으며 칼슘은 도정률이 증가할수록 함량이 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 쌀 품종별로 살펴보면 백미의 경우 추청 품종은 칼슘이, 오대는 인과 마그네슘이, 일품은 나트륨, 칼륨, 아연이, 동진은 철이 다른 품종에 비하여 함량이 많은 것으로 조사되었다. 현미의 분석 결과에서는 화성은 철이, 추청은 나트륨이, 오대는 인, 칼륨, 아연, 마그네슘이, 동진은 칼륨이 다른 품종에 비하여 많이 함유되어 있었다. 2. 쌀 품종별 지방산 조성은 백미의 경우 전체적으로 볼 때 C18:1이 ,33~41%로 그 비율이 높았고 현미의 경우도 같은 경향을 나타내었다. 포화지방산은 백미의 경우 오대쌀을 제외하고 20~33%, 현미는 19~22%정도 함유되어 있었다. 단일불포화지방산은 백미가 34~44%, 현미가 ,39~45%이었으며 다중불포화지방 산은 백미가 24~42%, 현미가 33~40%를 함유하여 백미차 현미의 지방산 조성에 차이를 보였다 현미의 경우 쌀 품종별로 포화지방산과 불포화지방산 조성에서는 차이가 없었으나 도정한 후 백미의 경우 쌀 품종별 포화지방산과 불포화지방산의 조성에 있어서 차이가 많은 것으로 나타나 지방산 분포가 쌀 품종별로 다소 차이가 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 3. 쌀 품종별 아미노산을 분석한 결과 전체적으로 가장 많이 함유된 아미노산은 glutamic acid이었으며 백미는 11.54~16.93 mg/g, 현미는 13.29~20.24 mg/g로 분석되었다 가장 적게 함유된 아미노산은 tryptophan이었으며 백미는 0.75~0.98 mgjg, 현미는 0.94~l.19 mg/g이었다. 대부분의 아미노산 함량은 백미와 현미 모두 일미 품종에 많이 들어 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 4. 도정률의 증가에 따른 비타민의 감소가 뚜렷하게 나타났는데 niacin은 10~30%, 비타민 B$_1$은 15~60%, 비타민 B$_2$는 거의 모든 품종에서 50%이상의 감소를 나타내었다. 백미는 일품이, 현미는 화성이 가장 높은 niacin 함량을 나타내었으며 비타민 B$_1$은 백미의 경우 일품이, 현미는 일품과 일미가 가장 많이 함유하고 있었다. 비타민 B$_2$는 쌀 품종별로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 5. 조섬유는 현미가 백미보다 2~4배정도 많이 함유하고 있었으며 식이섬유는 현미가 백미보다 2~3배 높게 함유하였다. 조섬유의 경우 백미는 오대 품종이, 현미는 화성과 일품 품종이 가장 높은 함량비율을 나타내었고 반면 식이섬유는 백미의 경우 동진이, 현미의 경우 일미 품종이 가장 높은 함량 비율을 나타내었다.

Keywords

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