References
- AOAC. 1990. Official Methods of Analysis (15th Ed.). Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, Virginia.
- Butts, C. A., P. J. Moughan, W. C. Smith and D. H. Garr. 1993a. Endogenous lysine and other amino acid flows at the terminal ileum of the growing pigs (20 kg body weight): The effect of protein-free, synthetic amino acid, peptide and protein alimentation. J. Sci. Food Agric. 61:31-40. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740610106
- Butts, C. A., P. J. Moughan, W. C. Smith, G. W. Reynolds and D. J. Garrick. 1993b. The effects of food dry matter intake on endogenous ileal amino acid excretion determined under peptide alimentation in the 50 kg liveweight pig. J. Sci. Food Agric. 62:235-243. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740620306
- Chung, T. K. and D. H. Baker. 1992. Apparent and true amino acid digestibility of a crystalline amino acid mixture and of casein: Comparison of values obtained with ileal-cannulated pigs and cecectomized cockerels. J. Anim. Sci. 70(12):3781-3790.
-
de Lange, C. F. M., W. B. Souffrant and W. C. Sauer. 1990. Real ileal protein and amino acid digestibilities in feedstuffs for growing pigs as determined with the
$^{15}N$ -isotope dilution technique. J. Anim. Sci. 68:409-418. - de Lange, C. F. M., W. C. Sauer, R. Mosenthin and W. B. Souffrant. 1989a. The effect of feeding different protein-free diets on the recovery and amino acid composition of endogenous protein collected from the distal ileum and feces in pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 67:746-754.
- de Lange, C. F. M., W. C. Sauer and W. B. Souffrant. 1989b. The effect of protein status of the pig on the recovery and amino acid composition of endogenous protein in digesta collected from the distal ileum. J. Anim. Sci. 67:755-762.
- Dierick, N., I. Vervaeke, J. Decuypere, H. van der Heyde and H. K. Henderickx. 1983. Influence de la nature et du niveau des fibres brutes sur la digestibilite ileale at fecal apparente de la matiere chez les porcs. Rev. Agric. 36:1961-1970.
- Donkoh, A., P. J. Moughan and P. C. H. Morel. 1995. Comparison of methods to determine the endogenous amino acid flow at the terminal ileum of the growing rat. J. Sci. Food Agric. 67:359-366. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740670313
- Donkoh, A. and P. J. Moughan. 1999. Endogenous ileal nitrogen and amino acid flows in the growing pig receiving a proteinfree diet and diets containing enzymically hydrolysed casein or graded levels of meat and bone meal. Anim. Sci. 68:511-518. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1357729800050530
- Han, In. K. and J. H. Lee. 2000. The role of synthetic amino acids in monogastric animal production. Asian-Aus. J. Anim. Sci. 13(4):543-560. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2000.543
- Jagger, B., J. Wiseman, D. J. A. Cole and J. Craigon. 1992. Evaluation of inert markers for the determination of ileal and faecal apparent digestibility values in the pigs. Br. J. Nutr. 68:729-739. https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN19920129
- Kavanagh, S., P. B. Lynch, F. O'Mara and P. J. Caffrey. 2001. A comparison of total collection and marker technique for the measurement of apparent digestibility of diets for growing pigs. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 89:49-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8401(00)00237-6
- Low, A. G. 1980. Nutrient absorption in pigs. J. Sci. Food Agric. 31:1087-1130. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740311102
- Low, A. G. 1982. Digestibility and availability of amino acids from feedstuffs for pigs. A review. Livest. Prod. Sci. 9:511-520. https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-6226(82)90055-0
- McCarthy C. H., F. X. Aherne and D. B. Okai. 1974. Use of HClinsoluble ash as an index for determining apparent digestibility with pigs. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 54:107-109. https://doi.org/10.4141/cjas74-016
- Millward, D. J., P. J. Garlick and P. J. Reeds. 1976. The energy cost of growth. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 35:339-349. https://doi.org/10.1079/PNS19760054
- Moughan, P. J. and S. M. Rutherfurd. 1990. Endogenous flow of total lysine and other amino acids at the distal ileum of the protein or peptide fed rat: The chemical labeling of gelatin protein by transformation of lysine to homoarginine. J. Sci. Food Agric. 52:179-192. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740520205
- National Research Council. 1998. Nutrient Requirement of Swine. 10th Ed. National Academy Press. Washington, DC.
- Rodwell, V. W. 1985. Catabolism of the carbon skeletons of amino acids. In: Review of Biochemistry, 20th Ed. (Ed. S. Harper). Los Altos. California: Lange Medical Publications. pp. 124-133.
- Sauer, W. C, L. Ozimek. 1986. Digestibility of amino acids in swine: Results and their practical application: A review. Livest. Prod. Sci. 15:367-387. https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-6226(86)90076-X
- Sauer, W. C. and K. de Lange. 1992. Novel methods for determining protein and amino acid digestibilties in feed stuffs. In: Modern Methods in Protein Nutrition and Metabolism (Ed. S. Nissen). Academic Press Inc., San Diego, CA. pp. 87-120.
- Souffrant, W. B. 1991. Endogenous nitrogen losses during digestion in pigs. In: Digestive Physiology in Pigs (Ed. M. W. Verstegen, A. J. Huisman and L. A. den Hartog). Wageningen, Netherlands: EAAP Publication. No. 54:147-165.
- SPSS for Windows Base System User's Guide Release 6.0. Marija J. Norusis/SPSS Inc.
- Zhang, J. H., D. F. Li., X. S. Piao and Y. C. Zhang. 2000. Determination of ileal apparent amino acids digestibility of feather meal with different inert markers. In: Symposium of 6th Animal Nutrition of China. pp. 622-629.
- Zhu, X. P., D. F. Li., S. Y. Qiao, C. T. Xiao, Q. Y. Qiao and C. Ji. 1998. Evaluation of HP 300 soybean protein in starter pig diets. Asian-Australian J. Anim. Sci. 11:201-207. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.1998.201
Cited by
- Animal models for determining amino acid digestibility in humans – a review vol.108, pp.S2, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114512002346
- Use of markers to determine the ileal digestibility of amino acids for swine vol.37, pp.3, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-70542013000300009
- Ileal Endogenous Amino Acid Flow Response to Nitrogen-free Diets with Differing Ratios of Corn Starch to Dextrose in Pigs vol.27, pp.8, 2014, https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2014.14232
- Effects of fish meal replacement by soybean peptide on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, and immune responses of yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco vol.82, pp.4, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12562-016-0996-6
- Neutral detergent fiber increases endogenous ileal losses but has no effect on ileal digestibility of amino acids in growing pigs vol.88, pp.2, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1111/asj.12633
- Ileal endogenous losses in pigs feeding a protein-free diet or diets with different contents of casein or crystalline amino acids vol.71, pp.3, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1080/1745039X.2017.1312832
- Nutrient digestibility of lentil and regular- and low-oligosaccharide, micronized full-fat soybean fed to grower pigs1 vol.92, pp.1, 2014, https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2013-6555
- Dietary Protein Structure Affects Endogenous Ileal Amino Acids But Not True Ileal Amino Acid Digestibility in Growing Male Rats vol.145, pp.2, 2014, https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.114.198283
- vol.24, pp.5, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1111/anu.12677
- Endogenous lysine in ileal digesta in the growing rat determined using different methods vol.89, pp.13, 2009, https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.3706
- Endogenous Amino Acid Losses from the Gastrointestinal Tract of the Adult Human-A Quantitative Model vol.148, pp.11, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxy162
- Evaluating the effects of adaptation length, dietary electrolyte balance, and energy source on ileal endogenous amino acid losses in pigs fed nitrogen-free diets vol.99, pp.3, 2002, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2018-0124
- An evaluation of replacing fish meal with cottonseed meal protein hydrolysate in diet for juvenile blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala): Growth, antioxidant, innate immunity and disease resist vol.25, pp.6, 2002, https://doi.org/10.1111/anu.12954