ETRI Journal

Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (한국전자통신연구원)
권호 표지

A Novel Audio Watermarking Algorithm for Copyright Protection of Digital Audio

  • Received : 2001.08.16
  • Published : 2002.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Digital watermark technology is now drawing attention as a new method of protecting digital content from unauthorized copying. This paper presents a novel audio watermarking algorithm to protect against unauthorized copying of digital audio. The proposed watermarking scheme includes a psychoacoustic model of MPEG audio coding to ensure that the watermarking does not affect the quality of the original sound. After embedding the watermark, our scheme extracts copyright information without access to the original signal by using a whitening procedure for linear prediction filtering before correlation. Experimental results show that our watermarking scheme is robust against common signal processing attacks and it introduces no audible distortion after watermark insertion.

Keywords

References

  1. Proc. of IEEE v.86 no.6 Multimedia Data Embedding and Watermarking Technologies Swanson, M.;Kobayashi, M.;Tewfik, A.
  2. Secure Spread Spectrum Communication for Multimedia, Technical report Cox, C.;Killian, J.;Leighton, T.;Shamoon, T.
  3. IEEE J. Select. Areas Comm. v.16 no.May On the Limit of Steganography Anderson, R.J.;Peticolas, F.
  4. IEICE Trans. Fundamentals v.E-83-A no.10 A Digital Image Watermarking Scheme Withstanding Malicious Attacks Shizaki, A.;Tanimoto, J.;Iwata, M.
  5. Proc .of IEEE v.86 no.6 Multimedia Watermarking Techniques Hartung, F.;Kutter, M.
  6. Proc. SPIE v.2420 Techniques for Data Hiding Bender, W.;Gruhl, D.;Morimoto, N.
  7. Signal Processing v.66 no.3 Robust Audio Watermarking Using Perceptual Masking Swanson, M.;Zhu, B.;Tewfik, A.;Boney, L.
  8. 105th AES Convention, Audio Engineering Society preprint 4823 Digital Watermarking and its Influence on Audio Quality Neubauer, C.;Herre, J.
  9. 108th AES Convention, Audio Engineering Society preprint 5101 Audio Watermarking of MPEG-2 AAC Bitstreams Neubauer, C.;Herre, J.
  10. 109th AES Convention, Audio Engineering Society preprint 5176 Advanced Audio Watermarking and its Applications Neubauer, C.;Herre, J.
  11. IEEE Trans. on Multimedia v.3 no.2 Robust Audio Watermarking in the Time Domain Bassia, P.;Pitas, I.;Nikolaidis, N.
  12. Method and Apparatus for Transporting Auxiliary Data in Audio Signals Lee, C.;Moallemi, K.;Warren, R.
  13. Proc. of 107th AES Convention, preprint 5073 Digital Watermarking of Audio Signals Using a Psychoacoustic Auditory Model and Spread Spectrum Theory Garcia, Recardo A.
  14. Proc. of 110th AES Convention, preprint 5345 Robust, Multi-Functional, and High Quality Audio Watermarking Technology Veen, M.;Oomen, W.;Bruekers, F.;Haitsma, J.;Kalker, T.;Lemma, A.
  15. Proc. of Multimedia’96 Digital Watermarks for Audio Signals Boney, L.;Tewfik, A.;Hamdy, K.
  16. IEEE J. on Selected Areas in Comm., special issue on Copyright and Privacy Protection v.16 no.4 Image-Adaptive Watermarking Using Visual Models Podilchuk, C.;Zeng, W.
  17. Information Hiding Workshop, Preliminary Proc. and Springer Verlag, LNCS 1768 On the Design of a Watermarking System: Considerations and Rationales Linnartz, J.P.M.G.;Kalker, A.A.C.;Depovere, G.
  18. Proc. ICIP v.1 Improved Watermark Detection Reliability Using Filtering before Correlation Depovere, G.;Kalker, T.;Linnartz, J.P.
  19. ISO/IEC IS 11172, Information Technology ？ Coding of Moving Pictures and Associated Audio for Digital Storage up to about 1.5 Mbits/s
  20. Proc. of IEEE v.88 no.4 Perceptual Coding of Digital Audio Painter, T.;Spanias, A.
  21. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. v.50 Speech Analysis and Synthesis by Linear Prediction of the Speech Wave Atal, B.S.;Hanauer, S.L.
  22. SDMI Portable Device Specification 1.0, PDWG99070802
  23. ITUT-R Rec. BS. 1116, Method for the Subjective Assessment of Small Impairments in Audio Systems Including Multichannel Sound Systems