Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology (한국식품과학회지)

Korean Society of Food Science and Technology (한국식품과학회)
권호 표지

Development and Hypoglycemic Effect of Low-fat and Sugar-free Cookie

저지방 무설탕 쿠키의 제조와 혈당 강하 효과

  • Park, Sun-Min (Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Natural Science, Hoseo University) ;
  • Kim, Young-Soon (Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Natural Science, Hoseo University) ;
  • Yoon, In-Chul (Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Natural Science, Hoseo University) ;
  • Seo, Eun-Hae (Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Natural Science, Hoseo University) ;
  • Ko, Byoung-Seob (Division of Quality Assurance, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine) ;
  • Choi, Soo-Bong (Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, KonKuk University)
  • 박선민 (호서대학교 자연과학대학 식품영양학과) ;
  • 김영순 (호서대학교 자연과학대학 식품영양학과) ;
  • 윤인철 (호서대학교 자연과학대학 식품영양학과) ;
  • 서은혜 (호서대학교 자연과학대학 식품영양학과) ;
  • 고병섭 (한의학 연구소 검사사업부) ;
  • 최수봉 (건국대학교 의과대학 내과학)
  • Published : 2002.06.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Low-fat and sugar-free (LFSF) cookies were developed for patients with metabolic syndrome X, such as obesity, diabetes, coronary heart disease, and hypertention, using artificial sweeteners (mixture of aspartame and saccharin), pectin and herb extracts such as Polygonatum Odoratum (Mill) Druce, Schizandrae Fructus and Lycii Fructus, without sugar and fats. LFSF cookies were composed of 7.5 : 1 of aspartame and saccharin, 5% pectin, 49% protein, and 5% herb extracts, with reduced fat level. The values for area under the curve in oral glucose tolerance tests were significantly lower in 90% pancreatomized-(Px, n = 8) and sham - operated (Sham, n = 8) rats which consumed LFSF cookies, than the control, which consumed regular cookies. Blood glucose levels were higher and the peak levels were significantly lower in the LFSF cookies group than the control group of Px and Sham rats. Blood glucose levels of healthy female college students (n = 10) at 30 and 60 min after the consumption of 30 g LFSF and regular cookies were not different, but they were significantly lower in the LFSF-cookies group in diabetes patients (n = 10). In conclusions, LFSF cookies was considered as a good snack for diabetic patients.

당뇨병 환자가 열량이 낮고, 섭취한 후 혈당의 상승폭이 적은 쿠키를 개발하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 아스파탐과 사카린의 비와 양, 지방의 양, 식이 섬유소의 첨가량, 한약재 추출물의 첨가량의 비율에 따라 쿠키를 개발하여 건강한 여자 대학생(n = 10)과 당뇨병 환자(n = 10)를 대상으로 정상적으로 만든 일반 쿠키와 비교하여 관능검사를 실시하였다. 관능검사의 결과를 ANOVA로 통계처리를 하여 가장 선호도가 높은 제품을 선택하였다. 당뇨병 환자와 여대생에게 선호도가 높은 저지방 무설탕 쿠키 3 가지를 선택하여 이것들이 혈당의 변화에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해서 당뇨 모델과 정상 실험 동물을 대상으로 경구 내당 검사를 하였고, 건강한 여대생과 당뇨병 환자에게 공복과 섭취 2시간 후에 혈당을 조사하였다. 실험동물인 Px 흰쥐(n = 8)와 정상 흰쥐(n = 8)를 대상으로 경구 내당 검사를 하였을 때 당뇨 모델과 정상 모델에서 모두 아스파탐과 사카린 중량비 7.5 : 1, 펙틴 5%, 둥굴레 뿌리 추출건조물 5%을 넣어 제조된 저지방 무설탕 쿠키가 일반 쿠키에 비해 포도당에 대한 GAUC가 현저하게 낮았고(p<0.05), 혈당의 최고값도 저지방 무설탕 쿠키에서 낮았다(p<0.05). 또한 시료군이 대조군에 비해 섭취후 혈당이 상승하는 속도가 느렸고, 최고 혈당도 낮았다. 건강한 여자 대학생과 당뇨병 환자가 공복시 30g을 섭취한 지 45분과 90분 후에 정상인에서는 두 군 사이에 혈당의 차이가 현저하지 않았으나, 당뇨병 환자에서는 실험군인 저지방 무설탕 쿠키를 섭취하였을 때 대조군에 비해 혈당이 현저하게 낮았다. 이상에서 본 연구에서 개발한 저지방 무설탕 쿠키는 갑작스럽게 높게 혈당이 상승하지 않으므로 당뇨병 환자의 간식으로 적절할 것으로 사료된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Korean Medical Insurance Association. 1992 Annuals for Medical Insurance Statistics. Ministry of Health and Welfare, Seoul (1993)
  2. DeFronzo, R.A., Bonadonna, R.C. and Ferrannini, E. Pathogene sis of NIDDM: A balanced overview. Diabetes Care 15: 318-368 (1992) https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.15.3.318
  3. Ginsberg, H.N. and Huang, L.S. The insulin resistance syndrome impact on lipoprotein metabolism and atherothrombosis. J. Car diovasc. Risk 7: 325-331 (2000)
  4. Nakamura, J., Hamada, Y., Sakakibara, F., Hara, T., Wakao, T., Mori, K., Nakashima, E., Naruse, K., Kamijo, M., Koh, N. and Hotta, N. Physiological and morphometric analyses of neuropathy in sucrose-fed OLETF rats. Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. 51: 9-20 (2001) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-8227(00)00205-9
  5. Luo, J., Rizkalla, S.W., Lerer-Metzger, M., Boillot, J., Ardeleanu, A., Bruzzo, P., Chevalier, A. and Slama, G. A fructose-rich diet decreases insulin-stimulated glucose incorporation into lipids but not glucose transport in adipocytes of normal and diabetic rats. J. Nutr. 125: 164-171 (1995)
  6. Storlien, L.H., Jenkins, A.B., Chisholm, D.J., Pascoe, W.S., Khouri, S. and Kraegen, E.W. Influence of dietary fat composition on development of insulin resistance in rats. Relationship to muscle triglycende and w-3 fatty acids in muscle phospholipid. Diabetes 40: 280-289 (1991) https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.40.2.280
  7. Kraegen, E.W., Cark, P.W., Jenkins, A.B., Daley, E.A., Chisholm,D.J. and Storlien, L.H. Development of muscle insulin resistance after liver insulin resistance in high-fat-fed rats. Diabetes 40: 1397-1403 (1991) https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.40.11.1397
  8. Hong, H.H. and Min, K.C. Baking Bread and Cookies. Kwang-MoonKak, Seoul (1999)
  9. Spayd, S.E. and Morris, J.R. Influence of immature fruits on strawberry jam quality and storage stability. J. Food Sci. 46: 414-418 (1981) https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1981.tb04873.x
  10. Hosokawa, Y.A., Hosokawa, H., Chen, C. and Leahy, J.L. Mechanism of impaired glucose-potentiated insulin-secretion in diabetic 90 percent pancreatectomy rats-Study using glucagon-like peptide-l (7-37). J. Clin. Invest. 97:180-186 (1996) https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI118387
  11. Carrascosa, J.M- Molero, J.C., Fermin, Y., Martinez, C., Andres, A. and Satrustegui, J. Effects of chronic treatment with acarbose on glucose and lipid metabolism in obese diabetic Wistar rats. Diabetes Obes. Metab. 3: 240-248 (2001) https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1463-1326.2001.00102.x
  12. Gannon, M.C., Nuttall, F.Q., Westphal, S.A., Seaquist, E.R. The effect of fat and carbohydrate on plasma glucose, insulin, C-peptide, and trilycerides in normal male subjects. J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 12: 36-41 (1993) https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.1993.10718280
  13. Committee of SAS Institute. Guide for personal computers. Statistical Analysis System Institute, Cary, NC, USA (1985)
  14. http://biozine.kribb.ie.1a-/market/at73.html
  15. Park, S., Ahn, S.H., Choi, M.K. and Choi, S.R. The effects of water extract of Polygonatum Odoratum (Mill) Druce on insulin resistance in 90% pancreatectomized rats. Korean J. Food Sci. 33: 619-625 (2001)
  16. Im, SJ. and Kim, K.I. Hypoglycemic effect of Polygonatum Odoratum (Mill) Druce in diabetes induced rats. Korean J. Nutri. 28: 727-736 (1995)
  17. Im, S.J., Kim, S.Y. and Lee J.W. Effects of Korean wild plants on blood glucose and energy composition of liver and muscle in diabetas induced rats. Korean J. Nutr. 28: 585-594 (1995)
  18. Kang, S.D., Ahn, S.Y. and Doo, H.K. Screening of hypoglyceimc effects of diabetes prescriptions in traditional medical manual, DongEwiBoGam. Korean Chinese Med. 19: 27-37 (1998)
  19. Bailey, C.J., Day, C., Knapper, J.M., Turner, S.L. and Flatt, P.R. Antjhyperglycaeinic effect of saccharin in diabetic ob/ob mice. Br. J. Pharmacol. 120: 74-78 (1997) https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjp.0700871
  20. Cooper, P.L., Wahlqvist, M.L. and Simpson, R.W. Sucrose versus saccharin as an added sweetener in non-insulin-dependent diabetes: short- and medium-term metabolic effects. Diabet. Med. 5: 676-680 (1988) https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.1988.tb01079.x
  21. Hoiwitz, D.L., McLane, M. and Kobe, P. Response to single dose of aspartrne or saccharin by NIDDM patients. Diabetes Care 11: 230-234 (1988)
  22. Hazan, A. and Madar, Z, Preparation of a dietary fiber mixture derived from different sources and its metabolic effects in rats. J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 12: 661-668 (1993) https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.1993.10718357