Preparation of Semi-Solid Apple-Based Baby Food

반고형 사과 이유보충식의 제조

  • 손경희 (연세대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 김미란 (한국식품개발연구원) ;
  • 임성경 (연세대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 박현경 (연세대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 박옥진 (삼성에버랜드 조리아카데미)
  • Published : 2002.02.01

Abstract

To develop commercial semi-solid apple baby food, the physicochemical characteristics of apple puree in relation to different preparing methods and the effect of the addition methods of ascorbic acid on browning reaction were investigated. The preparing methods were classified into 3 groups by initial heating treatment: no heating (A), steaming at $120^{\circ}C$ (B), and blancing at $100^{\circ}C$ (C). The viscosity of tested apple puree was $2,600{\sim}5,856\;cp$, and contents of anhydrogalaturonic acid (AGA) and neutral sugar ranged $4.15{\sim}11.92\;mg%$ and $6.18{\sim}10.65\;mg%$, respectively. Among free sugars tested, level of fructose was the highest $(5.43{\sim}8.87%)$, followed by glucose $(2.11{\sim}4.23%)$, sucrose $(1.64{\sim}2.94%)$, in that order. Since small amounts of ascorbic acid were detected $(1.54{\sim}1.83\;mg%)$, it seemed to be lost by heating process in preparing of apple puree. For apple puree A, its lightness was lower and redness was higher than those of apple puree B and C. Its degree of browning of apple puree was so high that sodium ascorbic acid was added as a antibrowning agent. Puree had low sensory score and nutrient quality. The adding methods of ascorbic acid were classified into 4 groups by adding time: dipping, blending (2), heating (3), and blending + heating (4). Considering color and preference evaluation, preparing method B and adding method 2 showed the highest inhibitory activity on apple puree browning and desirable color for retort baby food. After retort sterilization, the viscosity of apple baby food was decreased from 3,477 cp to 2,294 cp, thiamin was destroyed completely, and the contents of riboflavin and ascorbic acid were decreased 41% and 21%, respectively. However, contents of free sugar and free amino acid and sensory parameter were not influenced by retort sterilization. In overall, the preparing method B-adding method 2 was a good processing condition for the retort apple baby food.

사과를 이용한 반고형 이유보충식을 개발하고자 사과퓨레의 다양한 제조조건에 따른 갈변정도와 이화학적 특성, ascorbic acid 첨가에 의한 갈변억제 효과를 살펴보고, 레토르트 이유보충식의 제조 가능성을 알아보았다. 사과퓨레의 점도는 $2,600{\sim}5,856\;cp$였으며, 펙틴의 주골격인 무수갈락투론산은 $4.15{\sim}11.92\;mg%$이고 측쇄인 중성당은 $6.18{\sim}10.65\;mg%$였다. 유리당은 fructose$(5.43{\sim}8.87%)$, glucose$(2.11{\sim}4.23%)$, sucrose$(1.64{\sim}2.94%)$을 함유하고 있었다. Ascorbic acid 함량은 $1.54{\sim}1.83\;mg%$로 퓨레 제조과정에서 열처리에 의해 상당량이 파괴된 것으로 생각된다. 사과퓨레 제조시 열처리를 하지 않고 blending 후 가열하는 방법(A)은 상대적으로 L값이 낮고 적색도 a값이 높고 외관상으로도 갈변이 많이 진행되었지만 관능특성과 이화학적 특성면에서는 높은 평가를 받아 갈변현상을 효과적으로 억제할 필요성이 대두되었다. Steaming 후 blending하여 가열하는 방법(B)은 전체적인 선호도에서 높은 평가를 받았다. Blanching 후 blending하여 가열하는 방법(C)는 영양소 함량과 질감 및 맛에 대한 관능평가에서 상대적으로 떨어져서 다음 단계의 실험에서 제외되었다. 이를 보완하기 위해 갈변억제제로 sodium ascorbic acid를 사과퓨레의 제조시 침지과정(1), blending 과정(2), 가열 과정(3), blending 및 가열 과정(4)에 각각 첨가하였을 때, 사과퓨레 제조방법 A와 B 모두에서 첨가방법 2가 상대적으로 갈변억제 효과가 컸다. 색의 선호도 조사에서 가장 높은 평가를 받은 제조방법 B-첨가방법 2를 사과 이유보충식의 제조법으로 채택하고 살균 전후의 이화학적 특성과 관능특성을 비교하였다. 레토르트 살균 후 점도는 3,477 cp에서 2,294 cp로 감소하였고, 수용성 비타민에서 thiamin은 완전히 파괴되었으며 riboflavin은 41%, ascorbic acid는 21% 감소하였다. 그러나 레토르트 살균이 유리당과 유리 아미노산의 함량 그리고 관능특성에는 큰 영향을 주지 않아 사과를 steaming하고, sodium ascorbic acid를 blending 과정에서 첨가하는 방법이 레토르트 사과 이유보충식의 제조법으로 적합한 것으로 평가되었다.

Keywords

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