Steel and Composite Structures

  • 제1권1호
  • /
  • Pages.51-74
  • /
  • 2001
  • /
  • 1229-9367(pISSN)
  • /
  • 1598-6233(eISSN)
테크노프레스 (Techno-Press)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Tests and mechanics model for concrete-filled SHS stub columns, columns and beam-columns

  • Han, Lin-Hai (College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Fuzhou University) ;
  • Zhao, Xiao-Ling (Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University) ;
  • Tao, Zhong (College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Fuzhou University)
  • 발행 : 2001.03.25
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

A series of tests on concrete-filled SHS (Square Hollow Section) stub columns (twenty), columns (eight) and beam-columns (twenty one) were carried out. The main parameters varied in the tests are (1) Confinement factor (${\xi}$) from 1.08 to 5.64, (2) concrete compression strength from 10.7MPa to 36.6MPa, (3) tube width to thickness ratio from 20.5 to 36.5. (4) load eccentricity (e) from 15 mm to 80 mm and (5) column slenderness (${\lambda}$) from 45 to 75. A mechanics model is developed in this paper for concrete-filled SHS stub columns, columns and beam-columns. A unified theory is described where a confinement factor (${\xi}$) is introduced to describe the composite action between the steel tube and filled concrete. The predicted load versus axial strain relationship is in good agreement with stub column test results. Simplified models are derived for section capacities and modulus in different stages of the composite sections. The predicted beam-column strength is compared with that of 331 beam-column tests with a wide range of parameters. A good agreement is obtained. The predicted load versus midspan deflection relationship for beam-columns is in good agreement with test results. A simplified model is developed for calculating the member capacity of concrete-filled SHS columns. Comparisons are made with predicted columns strengths using the existing codes such as LRFD (AISC 1994), AIJ (1997), and EC4 (1996). Simplified interaction curves are derived for concrete-filled beam-columns.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. ASCCS (1997), "Concrete filled steel tubes - a comparison of international codes and practices", ASCCS Seminar, Innsbruck, September.
  2. AISC (1994), "Load and resistance factor design specification for structural steel buildings", American Institute of Steel Construction, Inc., Chicago, September.
  3. Architectural Institute of Japan (AIJ) (1997), "Recommendations for design and construction of concrete filled steel tubular structures", Oct.
  4. Bergmann, R. et al. (1995), "Design guide for concrete-filled hollow section columns under static and seismic loading", CIDECT, Verlag TUV Rheinland GmbH, Koln, Germany.
  5. Bridge, R.Q., O'Shea, M.D., Gardener, P., Grigson, R. and Tyrell, J. (1995), "Local buckling of square thinwalled steel tubes with concrete infill", in Structural Stability and Design, Kitiporchai, Hancock, Bradford (eds), Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 307-314.
  6. Bridge, R.Q. (1976). "Concrete filled steel tubular columns", Civil Engineering Transactions, 127-133.
  7. Cederwall, K., Engstrom, B. and Grauers, M. (1969), "High-strength concrete used in composite columns", High-Strength Concrete, SP121-11, 195-210.
  8. Eurocode 4. (1996), "Design of steel and concrete structures, Part1. 1,General rules and rules doe building", DD ENV 1994-1-1: British Standards Institution, London W1A2BS.
  9. Furlong, R.W. (1967), "Strength of steel-encased concrete beam-columns", J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 93(5), 113-124.
  10. Ge, H.B. and Usami, T. (1992), "Strength of concrete-filled thin-walled steel box columns: Experiment", Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, 118(11), 3006-3054.
  11. Ge, H. B. and Usami, T. (1994), "Strength analysis of concrete-filled thin-walled steel box columns", Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 30, 607-612.
  12. Ge, H. B. and Usami, T. (1996), "Cyclic tests of concrete filled steel box columns", Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, 122(10), 1169-1177. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1996)122:10(1169)
  13. Han, L.H.(1998), "Fire resistance of concrete filled steel tubular columns", Advances in Structural Engineering An International Journal, 2(1), 35-39. https://doi.org/10.1177/136943329800200105
  14. Han, L. H. (2000), "Concrete filled steel tubular structures", Peking, Science Press (in Chinese).
  15. Kato, B. (1995), "Compressive behaviors of concrete filled steel stub columns", Transactions of A.I. J., No. 468, 183-191 (in Japanese).
  16. Kitada, T. (1998), "Ultimate strength and ductility of state-of-the-art concrete-filled steel bridge piers in Japan", Engineering Structures, 20(4-6), 347-354. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(97)00026-6
  17. Knowles, R.B. and Park, R. (1969), "Strength of concrete filled steel tubular columns", J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 95(12), 2565-2587.
  18. Li, S.P., Huo, D., Wang, Q., Guo, Y.C. and Huang, Y.Y. (1998), "Compression strengths of concrete-filled SHS columns", Journal of Constructional Structures, Issue No. 2, 41-51 (in Chinese).
  19. Liu, Z.Y. and Goel, S. (1988), "Cyclic load behaviour of concrete-filled tubular braces", Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, 114(7), 1488-1506. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1988)114:7(1488)
  20. Lu, X.L., Yu, Y. and Chen, Y.Y. (1999), "Tests on the behavior of concrete filled steel tubes subjected to axial compression", Building Construction, No. 10, 41-43 (in Chinese).
  21. Mander, J.B., Priestley, M.J.N. and Park, R. (1988a), "Theoretical stress-strain model for confined concrete", Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, 114(8), 1804-1826. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1988)114:8(1804)
  22. Mander, J.B., Priestley, M.J.N. and Park, R. (1988b), "Observed stress-strain behaviour of confined concrete", Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, 114(8), 1827-1849. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1988)114:8(1827)
  23. Murray, N.W. (1986), "Introduction to the theory of thin-walled structures", Clarendon Press, Oxford, UK.
  24. Matsui, C., Mitani, I., Kawano, A. and Tsuda, K. (1997), "AIJ design method for concrete filled tubular structures", ASCCS Seminar, September, Innsbruck, 93-116.
  25. Nakai, et al. (1986), "An analysis on ultimate strength of concrete filled rectangular steel tubular columns subjected to compression and bending", Proceedings, Civil Engineering, No. 374 (I-6), October, 447-456 (in Japanese).
  26. Nakai, et al. (1994), "Experimental study on ultimate strength and ductility of concrete filled thin-walled steel box columns after receiving seismic loading", J. Structural Engineering, JSCE, 40A, 1401-1412 (in Japanese).
  27. Nakamura, T. (1994), "Experimental study on compression strength of concrete-filled square tubular steel columns", J. Struct. Engrg, 40B, 411-417.
  28. O'shea, M. and Bridge, R.Q. (1997), "The design for local buckling of concrete filled steel tubes", ASCCS Seminar, September, Innsbruck, Austria, 319-324.
  29. Pan, Y.G. (1988), "Analysis of complete curve of concrete filled steel tubular stub columns under axial compression", Proc. of International Conference on Concrete Filled Steel Tubular Structures(including Composite Beams), Harbin, P. R. China, 87-93.
  30. SAA. (1996), Cold-Formed Steel Structures, Australian/New Zealand Standards AS/NZS 4600, Standards Australia, Sydney, Australia.
  31. Shams, M. and Saadeghvaziri, M.A. (1997), "State of the art of concrete-filled steel tubular columns", ACI Structural Journal, 94(5), 558-571.
  32. Schneider, S.P. (1998), "Axially loaded concrete-filled steel tubes", Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, 124(10), 1125-1138. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1998)124:10(1125)
  33. Song, J.Y. and Kwon, Y.B. (1997), "Structural behavior of concrete-filled steel box sections", Int. Confer. Report on Composite Construction-Conventional and Innovative, Innsbruck, Austria, 795-801.
  34. Tao, Z., Han, L.H. and Zhao, X.L. (1998), "Behaviour of square concrete filled steel tubes subjected to axial compression", Proceedings of The Fifth International Conference on Structural Engineering for Young Experts, Shenyang, P.R. China, 61-67.
  35. Tomii, M. and Sakino, K. (1977), "Experimental study of concrete filled steel tubular stub columns under concentric loading", Proc. of the Int. Colloquium on Stability Of Structures under Static and Dynamic Loads, SSRC/ASCE/Washington, D.C./ March 17-19, 718-741.
  36. Tomii, M. and Sakino, K. (1979a), "Experimental studies on the ultimate moment of concrete filled square steel tubular beam-columns", Trans. of A.I.J. No. 275, Jan. 55-63.
  37. Tomii, M. and Sakino, K. (1979b), "Elasto-plastic behavior of concrete filled square steel tubular beamcolumns", Trans. Of A.I. J, No. 280 (June), Tokyo, Japan, 111-120.
  38. Trezona, J.R. and Warner, R.F. (1997), "Strength of concrete-filled circular steel tubular columns", Research Report No. R147, January, Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide.
  39. Tsuda, K., Matsui, C. (1998), "Limitation on width (Diameter)-thickness ratio of steel tubes of composite tubes and concrete columns with encased type section", Proc. of Fifth Pacific Structural Steel Conf., Seoul, Korea, 865-870.
  40. Uy, B. (1997), "Ductility and strength of thin-walled concrete filled box columns," Int. Confer. Report on Composite Construction-Conventional and Innovative. Innsbruck, Austria, 801-806.
  41. Uy, B. (1998), "Local and post-local buckling of concrete filled steel welded box columns", Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 47, 47-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0143-974X(98)80102-8
  42. Uy, B., Wright, H.D. and Diedricks, A.A. (1998), "Local buckling of cold-formed steel sections filled with concrete", Proc., 2nd International Conference on Thin-Walled Structures, Singapore, 367-374
  43. Zhang, Z.G. (1989), "Behaviour of concrete-filled SHS beam-columns", Constructional Structures, Issue No. 6, 10-20 (in Chinese).
  44. Zhang, Z.G. (1993), "Stability analysis of concrete-filled shs slender columns", Journal of Constructional Structures, Issue No. 8, 28-390 (in Chinese).
  45. Zhao, X.L. and Grzebieta, R.H. (1999), "Void-filled SHS beams subjected to large deformation cyclic bending", Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, 125(9), 1020-1027. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1999)125:9(1020)
  46. Zhao, X.L., Grzebieta, R.H., Wong, P. and Lee, C. (1999), "Void-filled RHS sections subjected to cyclic axial tension and compression", Advances in Steel Structures, Chan and Teng (eds), Elsevier, 1, 429-436.
  47. Zhao, X.L. and Hancock, G.J. (1991), "Tests to determine plate slenderness limits for cold-formed rectangular hollow sections of grade C450", Steel Construction, Australian Institute of Steel Construction, 25(4), 2-16.

피인용 문헌

  1. Static behavior of axially compressed square concrete filled CFRP-steel tubular (S-CF-CFRP-ST) columns with moderate slenderness vol.110, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2016.10.019
  2. Performance of concrete-encased CFST box stub columns under axial compression vol.3, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2015.05.001
  3. Flexural Performances of Square Concrete Filled CFRP-Steel Tubes (S-CF-CFRP-ST) vol.18, pp.8, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1260/1369-4332.18.8.1319
  4. Experimental study on impact behaviour of concrete-filled steel tubes at elevated temperatures up to 800 °C vol.47, pp.1-2, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-013-0059-8
  5. Research on axial bearing capacity of rectangular concrete-filled steel tubular columns based on artificial neural networks vol.11, pp.5, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11704-016-5113-6
  6. Concrete-filled circular steel tubes subjected to local bearing force: Finite element analysis vol.77, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2013.12.006
  7. P-M Relations of Slender Welded Built-up Square CFT Column under Eccentric Loads vol.6, pp.2, 2015, https://doi.org/10.11004/kosacs.2015.6.2.023
  8. Inelastic response prediction of CFST columns and connections subjected to lateral loading vol.132, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2017.01.016
  9. Behaviour of recycled aggregate concrete filled stainless steel stub columns vol.47, pp.1-2, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-013-0061-1
  10. Experimental behavior and analysis of prestressed concrete-filled steel tube (CFT) truss girders vol.152, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.09.035
  11. Behaviour and design of square concrete-filled double skin tubular columns with inner circular tubes vol.100, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.06.022
  12. Experimental behaviour of box concrete-encased CFST eccentrically loaded column vol.65, pp.20, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1680/macr.13.00067
  13. Mechanical behavior of recycled aggregate concrete-filled steel tube stub columns after exposure to elevated temperatures vol.146, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.04.118
  14. Experimental and Numerical Investigations of Composite Frames with Innovative Composite Transfer Beams vol.143, pp.7, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001776
  15. Post-fire residual strength of steel tubular T-joint with concrete-filled chord vol.139, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2017.09.015
  16. Compressive performances of concrete filled Square CFRP-Steel Tubes (S-CFRP-CFST) vol.16, pp.5, 2014, https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2014.16.5.455
  17. Experimental investigation on flexural behavior of concrete-filled pentagonal flange beam under concentrated loading vol.84, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2014.06.008
  18. Finite element analysis on the structural behaviour of square CFST beams vol.210, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/210/1/012018
  19. A theoretical axial stress-strain model for circular concrete-filled-steel-tube columns vol.125, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.06.048
  20. CONCRETE-FILLED TUBULAR COLUMNS: PART 1 — CROSS-SECTION ANALYSIS vol.04, pp.04, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1142/S021945540400132X
  21. Effects of Core Concrete Initial Imperfection on Performance of Eccentrically Loaded CFST Columns vol.142, pp.12, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001604
  22. Application of earthquake-induced collapse analysis in design optimization of a supertall building vol.25, pp.17, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1002/tal.1291
  23. Behaviour of concrete-encased CFST columns under combined compression and bending vol.101, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2014.06.002
  24. Axial behaviour of rectangular concrete-filled cold-formed steel tubular columns with different loading methods vol.18, pp.1, 2015, https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2015.18.1.071
  25. Effective stress-strain relationships for analysis of noncompact and slender filled composite (CFT) members vol.124, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.06.028
  26. FRP–HSC–steel composite columns: behavior under monotonic and cyclic axial compression vol.48, pp.4, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-013-0216-0
  27. Experimental Behavior of Concrete-Filled Stainless Steel Tubular Columns under Cyclic Lateral Loading vol.143, pp.4, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001705
  28. Modeling of high-strength composite special moment frames (C-SMFs) for seismic analysis vol.138, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2017.07.018
  29. Performance of flange-welded/web-bolted steel I-beam to hollow tubular column connections under seismic load vol.116, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2017.03.011
  30. Experimental behavior and design method of rectangular concrete-filled tubular columns using Q460 high-strength steel vol.125, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.08.057
  31. Experimental Behaviour of Self-Consolidating Concrete (SCC) Filled Hollow Structural Steel (HSS) Columns Subjected to Cyclic Loadings vol.8, pp.5, 2005, https://doi.org/10.1260/136943305774858007
  32. Global seismic performance of a new precast CFST column to RC beam braced frame: Shake table test and numerical study vol.21, pp.4, 2016, https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2016.21.4.805
  33. Experimental and numerical studies on impact behaviors of recycled aggregate concrete-filled steel tube after exposure to elevated temperature vol.136, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2017.09.057
  34. Behavior of concrete filled steel tubular (CFST) members under lateral impact: Experiment and FEA model vol.80, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2012.09.003
  35. Finite element modelling of concrete-filled steel stub columns under axial compression vol.89, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2013.07.001
  36. Residual Strength of Concrete Filled RHS Stub Columns after Exposure to High Temperatures vol.5, pp.2, 2002, https://doi.org/10.1260/1369433021502614
  37. FE modelling of the flexural behaviour of square and rectangular steel tubes filled with normal and high strength concrete vol.119, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2017.06.025
  38. Load-Strain Model for Steel-Concrete-FRP-Concrete Columns in Axial Compression vol.20, pp.5, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000664
  39. Circular concrete filled steel tubular (CFST) columns under cyclic load and acid rain attack: Test simulation vol.122, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2017.10.005
  40. Concrete-filled steel tube (CFT) truss girders: Experimental tests, analysis, and design vol.156, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.11.026
  41. Behavior of CFDST stub columns under preload, sustained load and chloride corrosion vol.107, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2014.12.023
  42. Analytical model and design formulae of circular CFSTs under axial tension vol.133, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2017.02.004
  43. Behavior of square tubed steel reinforced-concrete (SRC) columns under eccentric compression vol.91, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2015.01.022
  44. Seismic Analysis and Performance of High Strength Composite Special Moment Frames (C-SMFs) vol.9, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2016.12.004
  45. Element mesh, section discretization and material hysteretic laws for fiber beam–column elements of composite structural members vol.48, pp.8, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-014-0335-2
  46. Calculation Method of Intumescent Coatings of Fire Protection for Concrete-Filled Hollow Structural Steel Columns vol.339, pp.1662-8985, 2011, https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.339.88
  47. Outsourcing of Concrete Filled Steel Tube Strengthened CFST Axial Compression Short Columns Finite Element Analysis vol.525, pp.1662-7482, 2014, https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.525.568
  48. Residual Strength of Steel-Reinforced Concrete-Filled Square Steel Tubular (SRCFST) Stub Columns After Exposure to ISO-834 Standard Fire pp.2093-6311, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13296-018-0174-z
  49. Experimental Investigation of Concrete-Filled High-Strength Steel Tubular X Joints vol.144, pp.10, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0002176
  50. Behaviour of concrete-filled steel tubular members under pure bending and acid rain attack: Test simulation pp.2048-4011, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1177/1369433218783323
  51. High-Strength Rectangular CFT Members: Database, Modeling, and Design of Short Columns vol.144, pp.5, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0002026
  52. Double skin composite construction vol.8, pp.3, 2006, https://doi.org/10.1002/pse.216
  53. Beam-column behavior of concrete filled steel tubes vol.2, pp.4, 2002, https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2002.2.4.259
  54. Flexural behaviour of concrete-filled steel tubes vol.60, pp.2, 2001, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2003.08.009
  55. An experiment on compressive profile of the unstiffened steel plate-concrete structures under compression loading vol.9, pp.6, 2001, https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2009.9.6.519
  56. The behavior of lightweight aggregate concrete filled steel tube columns under eccentric loading vol.11, pp.6, 2011, https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2011.11.6.469
  57. 축력이 재하된 원형 콘크리트 충전강관 기둥의 최대 저항능력 vol.24, pp.4, 2012, https://doi.org/10.4334/jkci.2012.24.4.423
  58. EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF CROSS SECTIONAL SIZE AND SHAPE ON COMPRESSIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF CONCRETE FILLED SQUARE STEEL TUBE SHORT COLUMNS vol.78, pp.685, 2001, https://doi.org/10.3130/aijs.78.597
  59. Performance of lightweight aggregate and self-compacted concrete-filled steel tube columns vol.25, pp.3, 2001, https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2017.25.3.299
  60. Seismic response analysis of RC frame core-tube building with self-centering braces vol.5, pp.2, 2001, https://doi.org/10.12989/smm.2018.5.2.189
  61. Mechanical performance of hexagonal multi-cell concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) stub columns under axial compression vol.134, pp.None, 2001, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2018.09.027
  62. Square CFST columns under cyclic load and acid rain attack: Experiments vol.30, pp.2, 2001, https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2019.30.2.171
  63. Experiment for Concentric Axial Strength of Composite Mega Columns Confined with Binding Frame vol.10, pp.3, 2019, https://doi.org/10.11004/kosacs.2019.10.3.021
  64. Experimental and Numerical Studies on Concrete Filled Circular Steel Tubular (CFCST) Members Under Impact Loads vol.17, pp.8, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40999-018-0379-8
  65. Compressive Behavior of Circular Tubed Steel-Reinforced High-Strength Concrete Short Columns vol.145, pp.9, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)st.1943-541x.0002361
  66. Experimental and analytical investigation of composite columns made of high strength steel and high strength concrete vol.33, pp.1, 2019, https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2019.33.1.067
  67. Bearing Capacity Studies on Square Steel Tube Confined Steel Reinforced Concrete Column under Eccentric Load vol.2020, pp.None, 2001, https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/4212049
  68. Experimental and numerical investigations on remaining strengths of damaged parabolic steel tubular arches vol.34, pp.1, 2001, https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2020.34.1.001
  69. Flexural performance of cold-formed square CFST beams strengthened with internal stiffeners vol.34, pp.1, 2001, https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2020.34.1.123
  70. Behaviour of CFST column to H-section beam connections with T-shaped vertical anchorage vol.16, pp.2, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1080/15732479.2019.1655070
  71. Modelling and experiment of semi rigid joint between composite beam and square CFDST column vol.34, pp.6, 2001, https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2020.34.6.803
  72. Compressive behaviour of novel timber-filled steel tubular (TFST) columns vol.238, pp.None, 2001, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117734
  73. Axial behaviour of slender concrete-filled steel tube square columns strengthened with square concrete-filled steel tube jackets vol.23, pp.6, 2001, https://doi.org/10.1177/1369433219888726
  74. Axial compressive behaviour of concrete-filled steel tubular columns with interfacial damage vol.23, pp.6, 2001, https://doi.org/10.1177/1369433219891639
  75. Experimental and analytical study of novel full-scale square steel tubular-UHPFRC grouted connection vol.474, pp.None, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/474/7/072038
  76. Shear Strength of Concrete-Filled Steel Tubes Based on Experimental Results vol.146, pp.6, 2001, https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)st.1943-541x.0002646
  77. Flexural Behavior of Double-Skin Steel Tube Beams Filled with Fiber-Reinforced Cementitious Composite and Strengthened with CFRP Sheets vol.13, pp.14, 2020, https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13143064
  78. Nonlinear analysis of square concrete-filled double-skin steel tubular columns under axial compression vol.216, pp.None, 2001, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.110678
  79. Uniaxial Eccentric-Compression Performance Analysis for Double-Plate Connected Concrete-Filled Steel-Tube Composite Columns vol.146, pp.8, 2001, https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)st.1943-541x.0002700
  80. Performance of composite frame consisting of steel beams and concrete filled tubes under fire loading vol.36, pp.5, 2001, https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2020.36.5.587
  81. Behavior of steel casing composite piles under lateral loading and parameter optimization vol.220, pp.None, 2001, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.110991
  82. Load transfer mechanism of an unwelded, unbolted, grouted connection for prefabricated square tubular columns under axial loads vol.222, pp.None, 2001, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.111088
  83. Design formulae for predicting the stress concentration factors of concrete-filled T-joints under out-of-plane bending vol.28, pp.None, 2001, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2020.10.032
  84. Analytical post-heating behavior of concrete-filled steel tubular columns containing tire rubber vol.26, pp.6, 2001, https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2020.26.6.467
  85. Analytical post-heating behavior of concrete-filled steel tubular columns containing tire rubber vol.26, pp.6, 2001, https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2020.26.6.467
  86. Behaviour of slender concrete-filled dual steel tubular columns subjected to eccentric loads vol.176, pp.None, 2001, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2020.106365
  87. Design of square and rectangular CFST cross-sectional capacities in compression vol.176, pp.None, 2001, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2020.106419
  88. Modified damaged plasticity and variable confinement modelling of rectangular CFT columns vol.176, pp.None, 2001, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2020.106426
  89. On Factors behind the Reasonable Failure Mode of Concrete-Filled Circular Steel Tubular Composite Frame vol.2021, pp.None, 2001, https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/3027640
  90. Experimental Investigation on Composite Deck Slab Made of Cold-Formed Profiled Steel Sheeting vol.11, pp.2, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3390/met11020229
  91. Effect of steel tube thickness on the behaviour of CFST columns: Experimental tests and design assessment vol.230, pp.None, 2001, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.111687
  92. Experimental Research on Reinforced Concrete Columns Strengthened with Steel Jacket and Concrete Infill vol.11, pp.9, 2001, https://doi.org/10.3390/app11094043
  93. Shear Transfer Capacity of Angle Connectors in U-Shaped Composite Girder: Experimental and Numerical Study vol.147, pp.5, 2001, https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)st.1943-541x.0002984
  94. Simplified Nonlinear Simulation of Rectangular Concrete-Filled Steel Tubular Columns vol.147, pp.6, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)st.1943-541x.0003021
  95. Flexural Strength Evaluation of Multi-Cell Composite T-Shaped Concrete-Filled Steel Tubular Beams vol.14, pp.11, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14112838
  96. Axial compressive behaviour and design calculations on recycled aggregate concrete-filled steel tubular (RAC-FST) stub columns vol.241, pp.None, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.112452
  97. Unified Theoretical Model for Axially Loaded Concrete-Filled Steel Tube Stub Columns with Different Cross-Sectional Shapes vol.147, pp.10, 2001, https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)st.1943-541x.0003150
  98. Impact of hole parameters and surrounding constraint on the expansive pressure distribution and development in soundless chemical demolition agents vol.307, pp.None, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.124992
  99. Experimental study and numerical simulation on seismic behavior of double-skin composite wall vol.187, pp.None, 2001, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2021.106935
  100. Analysis of Bearing Capacity of Circular Concrete Filled CFRP-Steel Tubular Beam-Column vol.26, pp.1, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-021-2103-5
  101. Performance of recycled aggregate concrete-filled steel tubular columns under combined compression and shear load vol.253, pp.None, 2001, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.113771
  102. Performance of recycled aggregate concrete-filled steel tubular columns under combined compression and shear load vol.253, pp.None, 2001, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.113771
  103. Flexural behavior of concrete-filled rectangular steel tubular (CFRST) trusses vol.36, pp.None, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2021.11.049
  104. Compression-bending behaviour of steel-reinforced concrete-filled circular steel tubular columns with preload vol.36, pp.None, 2001, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2021.12.056
  105. Parametric analysis of steel-concrete composite beams prestressed with external tendons vol.189, pp.None, 2001, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2021.107087