참고문헌
- Gomori JM, Grossman RI, Goldberg HI, Zimmerman RA, Bilaniuk LT. Intracranial hematomas: imaging by high-field MR. Radiology 1985;157:87-93
- Bradley WG. MR appearance of hemorrhage in the brain. Radiology 1993;189:15-26
- Ebisu T, Tanaka C, Umeda M, et al. Hemorrhagic and nonhemorrhagic stroke: diagnosis with diffusion-weighted and T2- weighted echo-planar MR imaging. Radiology 1997;203:823-828
- Schellinger PD, Jansen O, Fiebach JB, Hacke W, Sartor K. A standardized MRI stroke protocol: comparison with CT in hyperacute intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke 1999;30:765-768
- Felber S, Auer A, Wolf C, et al. MRI characteristics of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Radiologe 1999;39:838-846
- Atlas SW, DuBois P, Singer MB, Lu D. Diffusion measurements in intracranial hematomas: implications for MR imaging of acute stroke. Am J Neuroradiol 2000;21:1190-1194
- Carhuapoma JR, Wang PY, Beauchamp NJ, et al. Diffusion-weighted MRI and proton MR spectroscopic imaging in the study of secondary neuronal injury after intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke 2000;31:726-732
- Wiesmann M, Mayer TE, Yousry I, Hamann GF, Bruckmann H. Detection of hyperacute parenchymal hemorrhage of the brain using echo-planar T2* -weighted and diffusion-weighted MRI. Eur Radiol 2001;11:849-853
- Moseley ME, Cohen Y, Mintorovitch J, et al. Early detection of regional cerebral ischemia in cats: comparison of diffusion- and T2-weighted MRI and spectroscopy. Magn Reson Med 1990;14:330-346
- Chien D, Kwong KK, Gress DR, et al. MR diffusion imaging of cerebral infarction in humans. AJNR 1992;13:1097-1102
- Sorensen AG, Buonanno FS, Gonzalez RG, et al. Hyperacute stroke: evaluation with combined multisection diffusion-weighted and hemodynamically weighted echo-planar MR imaging. Radiology 1996;199:391-401
- Marks MP, de Crespigny A, Lentz D, et al. Acute and chronic stroke: navigated spin-echo diffusion-weighted MR imaging. Radiology 1996;199:403-408
- Gonzalez RG, Schaefer P, Buonanno FS, et al. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging: diagnostic accuracy in patients imaged within 6 hours of stroke symptom onset. Radiology 1999;210:155-162
- Sunshine J, Tarr R, Lanzieri C, Landis D, Selman W, Lewin J. Hyperacute stroke: ultrafast MR imaging of triage patients prior to therapy. Radiology 1999;212:325-332
- Patel MR, Edelman RR, Warach S. Detection of hyperacute primary intraparenchymal hemorrhage by magnetic resonance imaging. Stroke 1996;27:2321-2324
- Atlas SW, Thulborn KR. MR detection of hyperacute parenchymal hemorrhage of the brain. AJNR 1998;19:1471-1477
- Linfante I, Llinas RH, Caplan LR, Warach S. MRI features of intracerebral hemorrhage within 2 hours of symptom onset. Stroke 1999;30:2263-2267
- Clark RA, Watanabe AT, Bradley WG, Roberts JD. Acute hematomas: effects of deoxyhemoglobin, hematocrit, and fibrin-clot formation and retraction on T2 shortening. Radiology 1990;174:201-206
- Hayman LA, Taber KH, Ford JJ, et al. Effect of clot formation and retraction on spin-echo MR images of blood: an in vitro study. AJNR 1989;10:1155-1158
- Hayman LA, Ford JJ, Taber KH, et al. T2 effect of hemoglobin concentration: assessment with in vitro MR spectroscopy. Radiology 1988;168:489-491
- Beall P, Hazlewood C, Rao P. Nuclear magnetic resonance patterns of intracellular water as a function of HeLa cell cycle. Science 1976;192:904-907
- Hargens A, Bowie L, Lent D, et al. Sickle-cell hemoglobin: fall in osmotic pressure upon deoxygenation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1980;77:4310-4312
- Brooks RA, Di Chiro G, Patronas N. MR imaging of cerebral hematomas at different field strengths: theory and applications. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1989;13:194-206
- Bryant RG, Marill K, Blackmore C, Francis C. Magnetic relaxation in blood and blood clots. Magn Reson Med 1990;13:133-144
- Does MD, Zhong J, Gore JC. In vivo measurement of ADC change due to intravascular susceptibility variation. Magn Reson Med 1999;41:236-240
- Schaefer PW. Grant PE, Gonzalez RG. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of the brain. Radiology 2000;217:331-345
- Thulborn KR, Sorensen AG, Kowall NW, et al. The role of ferritin and hemosiderin in the MR appearance of cerebral hemorrhage: a histopathologic biochemical study in rats. AJNR 1990;11:291-297