Histopathology and Spatial Distribution of the Protozoan Parasite, Perkinsus sp. Found in the Manila Clam Ruditapes philippinarum Distributed in Cheju, Korea

제주도 바지락에 기생하는 바지락포자충, Perkinsus sp.의 공간적 분포 및 조직학적 관찰

  • 최광식 (제주대학교 해양과학대학 해양생산과학부) ;
  • 박경일 (제주대학교 해양과학대학 해양생산과학부)
  • Published : 2001.03.01

Abstract

The apicomplexan parasite, Perkinsus sp., has been reported as a causative pathogen responsible for the mass mortality of the Manila clams, Ruditapes philippinarum in European countries as well as in Korea. Prevalence, infection intensity, histopathologic features and zoosporulation of Perkinsus found in the Manila clams distributed along the coast of Cheju Island were investigated in this study. Clams were collected from nine different beaches along the Cheju Island from May to July in 2000. Ray's Fluid Thioglycollate Medium (RFTM) and Choi's NaOH lysis methods were applied in the diagnosis and quantification of the Perkinsus infection. Prevalence, percentage infection of the parasite examined was 100% in Pyosun, 70% in Sungsan, 63% in Kumneong, 33% in Jongdalri, 21% in Iho, 17% in Moslpo, and 14% in Seogwipo. No Perkinsus was found in the clams collected from Kimnyong and Yongmeo-ri. Infection intensity as a number of Perkinsus cells per gram tissue wet weight (twwt), was 98,430 cells/g twwt in Pyosun, 78,553 cells/g twwt in Sungsan, 18,980 cells/g twwt in Kumneong, 4,290 cells/g twwt in Jongdalri, 1,527 cells/g twwt in Iho, 1,069 cells/g twwt in Moslpo, and 853 cells/g twwt in Seogwipo. Histological preparation of the infected tissues revealed trophozoites of Perkinsus sp., ranged from 5 to 10 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$, in diameter mostly distributed in the digestive gland and the gill filaments. Zoospores were discharged from the hypnospore via discharging tube about 2 days after incubated in filtered and aerated seawater. In general, the prevalence and infection intensity of Perkinsus in Cheju Island were much lower than that reported from the western and southern coast of Korea.

바지락포자층 Perkinsus는 Apicomplexa 문에 속하는 기생성 원생동물로서 유럽에서는 바지락의 대량폐사 원인 생물로 잘 알려져 있으며 우리나라에서도 90년대 초반부터 나타나고 있는 바지락 폐사의 원인생물로 추정되고 있다. 이 연구는 우리나라 바지락포자충 감염분포 조사의 일환으로 제주 연안에 서식하는 바지락의 바지락포자충 감염 현황과 감염도, 조직병리학적 현상, 유주자 형성 그리고 서식지의 퇴적물 조성에 따른 감염 특성을 조사하기 위하여 실시되었다. Ray의 Fluid Thioglycollate Medium (FTM) 방법과 Choi의 NaOH lysis 방법을 이용한 진단결과 김녕항과 용머리 지역의 바지락은 비감염 상태였으며, 이들 지역을 제외한 지역의 바지락포자충의 발현율은 표선 100%, 성산항 70%, 금능 63%, 종달리 33%, 이호 21%, 모슬포 17%,서귀포 14%, 순으로 나타났다. 바지락 습중량 1g당 표선 98,430 세포, 성산 78,553 세포, 금능 18,980 세포, 종달리 4,290 세포, 이호 1,527 세포, 모슬포 1,069 세포, 서귀포 853 세포의 바지락포자충이 검출되었다. 조직병리학적 검사결과 직경 5-10$\mu\textrm{m}$인 원형의 trophozoite가 바지락의 소화맹낭과 아가미에 분포하고 있음이 확인되었으며 숙주의 혈구집중 현상도 관찰되었다. 유주자는 FTM에서 2일동안 배양된 hypnospore를 $25^{\circ}C$의 해수에서 2일간 배양하였을 때 세포분열을 거쳐 방출관을 통하여 방출됐다. 이상의 조사 결과 제주 연안에 서식하고 있는 대부분의 바지락이 바지락포자충에 감염되어 있음이 확인되었다. 그러나 우리나라 남ㆍ서해안에서 보고된 바지락 포자충 감염율이나 감염도 보다는 매우 낮은 수준이었다.

Keywords

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