Economic and Environmental Geology (자원환경지질)

The Korean Society of Economic and Environmental Geology (대한자원환경지질학회)
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Origin of Layering and Its Relation to Magma Convection in the Skaergaard Intrusion

Skaergaard 암체에서 layering의 기원과 그의 마그마 대류와의 관계

  • Yun D. Jang (Department of Geological Sciences and Environmental Studies, State University of New York at Binghamton Binghamton, NY 13902, USA)
  • Published : 2001.12.01
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Abstract

At least two distinct types of layering are present in the middle zone of the Skaergaard intrusion; alternating plagioclase-rich and pyroxene-rich, macro-rhythmic layers, and smaller scale, modally-graded, rhythmic layers. The macro-rhythmic layers are ubiquitous in the middle zone of the Layered Series, but are not observed in the lower and upper zone of the Layered Series or in the wall or roof tories of the intrusion. They range from 0.3 to 17.3 m in thickness, have sharp upper and lower boundaries, and can be traced laterally for over 2 ]fm in outcrop. Although individual macrorhythmic layers are not internally graded, many contain smaller-scale, modally-graded layers. Modally-graded. rhythmic layers are a common feature of the Layered Series but are not abundant in either the Upper Border Series or the Marginal Border Series. They range in thickness from 1 to 50 cm and can be traced laterally in outcrop for up to 100 m. Their lateral termination ranges from abrupt to gradational, and they are often associated with cut and fill structures and crossbedding suggestive of current activity. They are characterized by sharp lower and gradational upper contacts, and by strong intra-layer modal grading with olivine, ilmenite, and magnetite concentrated at the base, pyroxene concentrated above the base, and plagioclase concentrated at the top. The layers are also grain-size graded with the maximum size for each phase occurring at the horizon in the layer where the phase is most abundant. Modally-graded, rhythmic layers in the middle zone of the Layered Series occur within both plagioclase-rich and pyroxene-rich macro-rhythmic layers.

Skaergaard 암체의 중대에는 사장석 우세대와 휘석 우세대가 교대하는 macro-rhythmic layers와 modally-graded, rhythmic lace론 비롯한 최소 두 가지 종류 이상의 layering 발견된다 Macro-rhythmic layers는 LS의 중대에서만 빈번히 발견된다. 두게는 0.3에서 3.3m에 이르고 명확한 상하부 경계를 가지며 노두에서 2km 이상 휭으로 연장된다. 자기 macro-rhythmic layer에서는 내부적인 점이층리 구조를 보이지는 않으나 소규모 modally-graded layer 빈번히 발견된다. Modally-graded, rhythmic layer는 LS의 흔히 발견되나 UBS나 MBS에서는 드물게 관찰된다. 두에는 떼서 50cm에 이르고 노두에서 최대 100m 까지 횡으로 연속된다. 횡적으로 갑자기 혹은 서서히 사라지며 종종 기칠 메우기 구조나 사층리 구조를 수반한다. 명확한 하부 경계와 점이적인 상부 경계와 함께 강한 층간 modal grading이나 size grading이 특징이다. 중대 modally-graded layering중 사장석 우세와 휘석 우세 macro-rhythmic layer두개를 상세하게 조사하였다. 일반적으로 사장석 내의 $K_2$O와 Ba, 휘석, 티탄철석, 그리고 자철석 내의 MgO와 FeO*를 제외한 광물성분변이는 보이지 않는다. 티탄철석과 자철석이 풍부한 layer기저에 산출되는 휘석, 티탄철석, 그리고 자철석의 성분은 MgO가 더 많고 FeO*는 더 적은 경향을 보여준다. 이와 같은 성분변이는 기존의 결정과 Fe가 많은 melt의 상호반응의 결과로 생각되며 Layer 기저에서는 상부보다 적은 re-equilibration를 겪은 것으로 생각된다. 개개 상이나 휘석과 oxide의 비와 reequilibration의 정도 간에는 직접적인 상관관계는 보이지 않는다 휘석 우세 layer거 사장석에 비해 사장석 우세 layer 의 사장석은 UBS의 사장석과 유사하게 상대적으로 적은 $K_2$O와 Eu/Sm를 보이며 이는 사장석 우세 layer는 암체 상부에서 유래한 과외의 사장석에 기인함을 시사한다. 사장석 우세 layer는 대류기에 휘석 우세 layer는 비대류기에 형성되었음을 시사한다. $K_2$O가 적은 사장석 우세 layer의 사장석은 layer내로 통과하는 $K_2$O가 풍부한 liquid와의 reequilibration 에 기인한 것으로 생각된다.

Keywords

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