수두층 치료용 션트밸브의 압력-유량 제어특성 수치해석

Numerical Simulation of The Pressure-Flow Control Characteristics of Shunt Valves Used to Treat Patients with Hydrocephalus

  • 장종윤 (경북대학교 기계공학부) ;
  • 이종선 (한동대학교 기계제어시스템공학부) ;
  • 서창민 (경북대학교 기계공학부)
  • 발행 : 2001.10.01

초록

수두증 환자의 뇌압을 조절하기 위해 사용되는 션트밸브의 압력-유량제어 특성과 설계변수 변화에 따른 특성곡선의 변화를 수치적으로 해석 하였다. 해석에 사용된 션트밸브는 국내에서 설계 제작된 일정 압력형 다이아프램 타입이며 실험을 통하여 해석의 타당성을 검증하였다. 션트밸브 내부에 장착된 압력-유량 제어용 소형 다이아프램이 실리콘 일래스토머 계통의 유연한 재질이므로 유동구조 상호해석을 수행하였다 구조해석시의 재료 비선형성을 고려하여 고탄성 재료에 대한 므니 리블린(Mooney-Rivlin) 근사를 적용하였다. 수치해석결과 얻어진 압력-유량제어 특성곡선은 실험결과와 유사하였고 션트밸브를 통한 압력강하의 대부분은 소형 다이아프램에서 이루어짐을 확인할 수 있었다 본 연구에서 해석된 션트밸브의 압력-유량 특성곡선의 기울기는 7.37mm$H_2O$.hr/cc로서 상용 션트밸브의 기울기 평균값 0.40mm$H_2O$.hr/cc과 비슷하여 일정압력형 션트밸브의 특성을 잘 나타내었다. 오프닝압력의 크기는 밸브 다이아프램의 초기쳐짐량 크기에 의존하였고. 25mm$H_2O$와 80mm$H_2O$의 오프닝압력을 얻기 위해서는 10.2$\mu$m와 35.3$\mu$m의 초기쳐짐량이 필요하였다. 밸브가 열리면서 유동이 발생할 경우, 유동 오리피스 간극이 107m 이내이므로 션트밸브의 성공적인 동작을 위해서는 정밀설계와 제작기술이 요구된다. 본 연구를 통해 다이아프램의 초기쳐짐량과 유동 오리피스를 형성하는 다이아프램 끝단의 라운딩 크기가 압력-유량 특성곡선의 기울기에 영향을 미치는 주요 설계변수임을 확인하였다.

The Present study analyzed the pressure-flow characteristics of a Korean shunt valve. Changes in the characteristic currie depending on the design parameters were also investigated. The Korean shunt valve used in the present study was constant pressure type and our analyses were validated through experiments. We applied fluid-structure interaction to solve the flow dynamic Problem because the small diaphragm in the valve was made from flexible silicone elastomers. Considering the material nonlinearity of the hyper-elastic material. the Mooney-Rivlin approximation was employed. The results of the numerical analyses were close to the experimental results The major Pressure drop was observed to happen in the small diaphragm. The slope of the pressure-flow characteristic curve was computed to be 0.37mm$H_2O$.hr/cc, which was similar to the average value of commercial shunt valves. 0.40mm$H_2O$.hr/cc. Therefore. our valves analyzed in the Present study showed a Proper Pressure control characteristics of the constant pressure type shunt valves. The opening pressure could be controlled by adjusting the amount of predeflection of the valve diaphragm. In order to obtain opening pressures of 25mm$H_2O$ and 80mm$H_2O$, respectively, and the required predeflection was found to be 10.2$\mu$m and 35.3$\mu$m. The flow orifice size was found to be within 10$\mu$m during valve operation Therefore, Precision design and manufacturing techniques are necessary for successful operations of the shunt valve. The study indicated the amount of predeflection as well as the magnitude of corner rounding of the diaphragm edge are important design parameters to influence the slope of the pressure-flow characteristic curve.

키워드

참고문헌

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