Nonhomogeneity of the Electrical Properties with Deposition Position in an ITO Thin Film Deposited under a Given R.F. Magnetron Sputtering Condition

동일 증착 조건의 스퍼터링에 의해서 제작된 Indium Tin 산화물 박막의 증착위치에 따른 전기적 특성의 불균질성

  • 유동주 (한국과학기술원 재료공학과) ;
  • 최시경 (한국과학기술원 재료공학과)
  • Published : 2001.11.01

Abstract

Tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) thin films were deposited using r.f. magnetron reactive sputtering and the electrical properties, such as the resistivity, carrier concentration and mobility, were investigated as a function of the sample position under a given magnetron sputtering condition. The nonhomogeneity of the electrical properties with the sample position was observed under a given magnetron sputtering condition. The resistivity of ITO thin film on the substrate which corresponded to the center of the target had a minimum value, 2∼4$\times$10$\^$-4/$\Omega$$.$cm, and it increased symmetrically when the substrate deviated from the center. The density measurement result also showed that ITO thin film deposited at the center has a maximum density of 7.0g/cm$^3$, which was a relative density of about 97%, and the density decreased symmetrically as the substrate deviated from the center. The nonhomogeneity of electrical properties with the deposition position could be explained with the incidence angle of the source beam alpha, which is related with an atomic self-shadowing effect. It was confirmed experimentally that the density in film affect both the carrier mobility and the conductivity. In the case where the density of ITO thin film is 7.0g/cm$^3$, the magnitude of the mean free path was identical with that of the grain size(the diameter of column). However, in the other cases, the mean free path was smaller than the grain size. These results showed that the scattering of the free electrons at the grain boundary is the major factor for the electrical conduction in ITO thin films having a high density, and there exists other scattering sources such as vacancies, holes, or pores in ITO thin films having a low density.ing a low density.

Sn을 도핑한 In$_2$O$_3$(ITO) 박막을 R.F. 마그네트론 반응성 스퍼터링법에 의해서 증착하였다. 동일한 마그네트론 스퍼터링 조건에서 증착위치에 따른 ITO 박막의 저항, 자유 전하 농도 및 이동도 전기적 특성을 조사하였다. 동일한 마그네트론 스퍼터링 조건임에도 불구하고, ITO 박막의 전기적 특성은 증착위치에 따라 불균질성을 나타내었다. 타겟의 중심에 위치한 기판위에 증착된 ITO 박막의 저항은 최소 값인 2~4$\times$$10^{-4}$ $\Omega$.cm인 반면, 중심에서 멀어질수록 박막의 전기 저항은 대칭적으로 증가하였다. ITO 박막의 밀도 측정 결과도 중심에서 이론 밀도 값의 97%에 해당하는 7.0g/$cm^3$를 나타내나, 위치가 중심에서 멀어질수록 박막의 밀도가 대칭적으로 감소하였다. ITO 박막에서 이동도와 전도도는 밀도에 직접적으로 영향을 받는 것이 실험적으로 확인되었다. ITO 박막의 밀도가 7.0g/$cm^3$(이론 밀도의 97%)인 경우, 자유행정거리와 입자크기(=주상의 직경)가 동일한 값을 가지나, 밀도가 이 보다 감소하면 자유행정거리와 입자크기의 차이는 더욱 증가하였다. 이 결과는 ITO 박막의 밀도가 7.0g/$cm^3$인 경우는 입계가 자유 전자의 전도에 중요한 산란 원으로 작용하는 반면, 그 외의 경우는 결정 내의 공격자점, 공공, 기공 등이 다른 산란 원으로 작용하고 있다는 것을 나타낸다.

Keywords

References

  1. Thin Solid Films v.102 Transparent Conductors-A Status Review K. L. Chopra;S. Major;D. K. Pandya
  2. Appl. Surf. Sci. v.33;34 Properties of Highly Conducting ITO Films Prepared by Ion Plating S. Takaki;K. Matsumotoa;K. Suzuki
  3. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. v.A8 Low Resistivity Indium-tin Oxide Transparent Conductive Films.Ⅱ. Effect of Sputtering Voltage on Electrical Property of Films S. Ishibashi;Y. Higuchi;Y. Ota;K. Nakamura
  4. J. Appl. Phys. v.71 Electrical and Structural Properties of Low Resistivity Tin-doped Indium Oxide Films Y. Shigesato;S. Takaki;T. Haranoh
  5. Appl. Surf. Sci. v.68 Effect of Annealing on Electrical and Optical Properties of RF Magnetron Sputtered Indium Tin Oxide Films W. F. W;B. S. Chiou
  6. Thin Soild Films v.229 RF Magnetron-sputtered Indium Tin Oxide Film in a Reactively Ion-etched Acrylic Substrate B. S. Chiou;S. T. Hsieh
  7. Thin Soild Films v.47 Columnar Microstructure in Vapor Deposited Thin Films A. G. Dirks;H. J. Leamy
  8. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. v.190 Crystallographic Contribution to the Formation of the Columnar Grain Structure in Cobalt Films Deposited at Oblique Incidence K. Itoh;K. Okamoto;T. Hashimoto
  9. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. v.162 Crystallographic Contribution to the Formation of the Columnar Grain Structure in Cobalt Films K. Hara;K. Itoh;K. Okamoto;T. Hashimoto
  10. Thin Solid Films v.307 Anisotropic Optical, Magnetic, and Electrical Properties of Obliquely Evaporated Ni Films T. Otiti;G. A. Niklasson;P. Svedlindh;C. G. Granqvist
  11. J. Appl. Phys. v.85 Angular Dependence of Magnetism of Fe Films Sputtered with Ion Beam Perpendicular to Target S. Iwatsubo;T. Takahashi;M. Naoe
  12. Thin Solis Films v.230 Density, Thickness and Interface Roughness of SiO₂TiO₂and Ta₂O₃on BK-7 Glasses Analyzed by X-ray Reflection M. Huppauff;K. Bange;B. Lengeler
  13. Phys. Stat. Sol. (a) v.163 X-ray and Neutron Reflectivity Measurements for Characterizing Thin Gold Film X-ray Reflectors G. S. Lodha;S. Basu;A. Gupta;S. Pandita;R. V. Nandedkar
  14. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. v.A13 Oxygen Content of Indium Tin Oxide Films Fabricated by Reactive Sputtering S. Honda;A. Tsujimoto;M. Watamori;K. Oura
  15. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. v.A8 Low Resistivity Indium-tin Oxide Transparent Conductive Films.Ⅱ. Effect of Sputtering Voltage on Electrical Property of Films S. Ishibashi;Y. Higuchi;Y. Ota;K. Nakamura
  16. Thin Solid Films v.68 Mechanical Stresses in D.C. Reactively Sputtered Fe₂O₃ Thin Films V. Orlinov;G. Sarov
  17. Thin Solid Films v.171 Note on the Origin of Intrinsic Stresses in Films Deposited via Evaporation and Sputtering F. M. D'Heurle;J. M. E Harper
  18. Thin Solid Films v.358 Influence of Film Density on Residual Stress and Resistivity for Cu Thin Films Deposited by Bias Sputtering H. M. Choi;S. K. Choi;O. Anderson;K. Bange
  19. Coatings on Glass H. K. Pulker
  20. Thin Solid Films v.175 Characterization of Ta₂$O_5$ Layers by Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis Rutherford Back Scattering Spectrometry, Nuclear Reaction Analysis and Optical Methods K. H. Gurtler;K. Bange;W. Wagner;F. Rauch;H. Hantsche
  21. Introduction to Solid State Physics(5th ed.) C. Kittel
  22. Appl. Phys. Lett. v.64 Heteroepitaxial Growth of Tin Doped Indium Oxide Films on Single Crystalline Yttria Stabilized Zirconia Substrates M. Kamei;T. Yagami;S. Takaki;Y. Shigesato
  23. Appl. Phys. Lett. v.62 Study of the Effect of Sn Doping on the Electronic Transport Properties of Thin Film Indium Oxide Y. Shigesato;D. C. Paine