Performance Evaluation of Anaerobic Bioreactors in Treating Swine Wastewater

양돈폐수 처리를 위한 혐기성 생물반응기의 성능 비교

  • Kim, Jong-Soo (Department of Environmental Engineering, Sunmoon University) ;
  • Lee, Gook-Hee (Department of Environmental Engineering, Sunmoon University) ;
  • Sa, Tongmin (Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Chungbuk National University)
  • Received : 2000.07.15
  • Accepted : 2000.09.29
  • Published : 2000.11.30

Abstract

The effects of operating parameters on performance of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket(UASB). anaerobic filter(AF), and two-stage anaerobic sludge bed filter (ASBF) bioreactors in treating swine wastewater were evaluated by operating the lab-scale bioreactors upto hydraulic retention time(HRT) of 1 day and organic loading rate (OLR) of $5.1kg-COD/m^3{\cdot}d$ for 200 days. Swine wastewaters of which characteristics were affected by types of hog raising and seasons contained high concentrations of COD, SS, and ammonia. Inoculation of the bioreactors with waste sludge from anaerobic treatment facility of local municipal wastewater treatment plant was effective in developing biomass in the bioreactors. Acclimation period of the bioreactors with swine wastewaters required approximately 40 days, but that for AF and two-stage ASBF, which were filled with media, was faster than VASB. The bioreactors showed high and stable COD removal efficiency of 77~91% at influent T-N concentrations of 370~800mg/L but low and unstable COD removal efficiency of 24~94% at influent T-N concentrations of 760~1,310mg/L. It is essential to remove ammonia prior to anaerobic treatment since the concentrations of ammonia in swine wastewaters showed toxic effects to methanogenic bacteria. The bioreactors were effective in treating swine wastewaters with COD removal efficiency of 78.9~81.5% and biogas generation rate of $0.39{\sim}0.59m^3/kg-COD_r$ at OLR of $1.1{\sim}2.2kg-COD/m^3{\cdot}d$: however, an increase of OLR by reducing HRT and increasing influent COD caused decrease of COD removal efficiency. The extent of decrease in COD removal efficiency was higher in UASB than AF and two-stage ASBF. AF and two-stage ASBF anaerobic bioreactors were effective in treating varing characteristics of swine wastewaters since they showed high and stable COD removal efficiency at high OLR due to effective retention of biomass by media and staging.

양돈폐수의 효율적인 혐기성 처리를 위하여 실험실 규모 UASB, AF, 그리고 이단 ASBF 생물반응기를 구성하고 HRT 1일과 OLR $5.1kg-COD/m^3{\cdot}d$까지 200일간 연속운전하고 운전인자가 공정에 미치는 영향과 처리효율을 비교하였다. 양돈폐수는 유기물, 고형물, 그리고 암모니아를 고농도로 함유하고 있으며 축사의 형태와 계절의 변화에 큰 영향을 받는다. 하수종말처리장 혐기성 소화조 잉여 슬러지에 의한 혐기성 생물반응기의 식종은 효과적이었으며 적응기간은 약 40일 정도 소요되었으나 media로 충전된 필터형 생물반응기인 AF와 이단 ASBF의 적응 속도가 UASB보다 빨랐다. 유입수 T-N 370~800mg/L에서 생물반응기는 77~91% 의 높고 안정된 COD 제거율을 보였으나 유입수 T-N 760~1,310 mg/L에서 COD 제거율은 24~94%로 불안정하였으며 전반적으로 감소되었다. 양돈폐수에 함유된 암모니아는 메탄균에 대한 저해작용을 나타낼 수 있는 충분한 농도이므로 효율적인 혐기성 소화처리를 위하여 전처리로서 암모니아의 제거는 필수적이다. 생물반응기는 $1.1{\sim}2.2kg-COD/m^3{\cdot}d$의 비교적 낮은 OLR에서 COD 제거효율은 78.9~81.5%, 그리고 biogas 발생량은 $0.39{\sim}0.59m^3/kg-COD_r$로 효과적이었으나 유입수 COD의 증가 혹은 HRT 단축운전에 의한 OLR의 증가에 따라 COD 제거효율은 감소하였으며 UASB는 AF와 이단 ASBF보다 COD 제거효율 감소폭이 컸다. AF와 이단 ASBF는 충전된 media와 이단화에 의하여 biomass의 보유능력이 우수하며 높은 OLR에도 안정적이며 높은 COD 제거율올 나타내므로 고농도의 유기물을 함유하며 축사의 형태와 계절에 따라 특성의 변화가 큰 양돈폐수의 처리에 효율적이다.

Keywords