Effect of Chemical Properties of Cultivation Soils on the Plant Growth and the Quality of Garlic

재배지 토양의 화학성이 마늘의 생육 및 품질에 미치는 영향

Effects of chemical properties of cultivation soils on the growth and quality of garlics were investigated. Garlics were cultivated in Uisung and Yechun, one of the major areas of garlic production, where upland and paddy fields have been used for garlic production for many years. Contents of phosphate, sulfur and potassium in the soils of paddy fields were relatively higher than those in the soils of upland fields, suggesting that the accumulation of inorganic salts has been progressed in the paddy fields. Soils of Uisung area showed higher pH s and lower contents of available phosphate compared to those of Yechon area. This result implies that the soils of Uisung area provide somewhat better chemical properties for garlic growth than those of Yechun area. Contents of inorganic salts such as phosphate, potassium and magnesium in the soils significantly affected the growth and quality of garlics. Garlics grown in the soils with lower contents of these inorganic salts exhibited better growth status and contained more pyruvate. More pyruvate was found in the garlics grown in upland fields than in paddy fields. Therefore, it is apparent that the accumulation of inorganic salts, especially available phosphate, in cultivation soils leads to the inhibition of garlic growth and in turn to the deterioration of garlic quality.

경북지역의 마늘 주산지인 의성과 예천에서 마늘재배지를 논, 밭토양으로 구분하여 토양의 화학성과 마늘의 생육 및 품질과의 상관관계를 조사하였다. 토양의 화학성은 밭토양에 비해 논토양이 유효인산, $SO_4{^2-}$ 및 K의 함량이 높았으며 과다집적된 경향이었다. 의성 마늘재배지 토양이 예천 마늘재배지 토양에 비해 pH가 높고 유효인산의 함량이 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 마늘성분 중 pyruvate 함량이 예천지역의 $269{\mu}{\cdot}mole\;kg^{-1}$에 비해 의성지역이 $351{\mu}{\cdot}mole\;kg^{-1}$으로 높게 나타났다. 토양 중 유효인산, K, Mg와 마늘의 생육특성과는 고도의 유의성이 인정되었다. 마늘 재배지에서 인산의 축적은 마늘의 품질 및 생육을 저해하는 것으로 나타났다.