The Effects of Geological and Topographical Features on Landslide and Land-creep

지질(地質)과 지형(地形)이 산사태(山沙汰) 및 땅밀림에 미치는 영향(影響)

  • Jau, Jae-Gyu (Department of Forestry, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Park, Sang-Jun (Department of Forestry, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Son, Doo-Sik (Department of Forestry, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Joo, Sung-Hyun (Department of Forestry, Kyungpook National University)
  • Received : 2000.03.16
  • Published : 2000.09.30

Abstract

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of geological and topographical features on landslide and land-creep at the twenty four surveyed sites of Kyungpook province. According to the results obtained, it was concluded that continuous heavy rainfall was one of the primary factors to occur landslide and land-creep. Most of the landslides occurred in the past were concentrated in the granite and granitic gneiss zones, while land-creeps were mainly occurred in the mud-stone zones. Therefore, it was thought that the physical properties such as soil texture, solid phase, moisture contents, density, hardness and porosity rate of weathered granite and granitic gneiss could affect the occurrence of landslide and land-creep. Due to the holding of sand contents in the upper soil layers of weathered granite and granitic gneiss, rainfall could infiltrate into the soil easily. While lower soil layers contained much quantity of clay and silt contents, those soils saturated with rainfall cause to lose viscosity and shear strength. Therefore, it was seemed that landslide was occurred more easily and the saturation of those soils was made much easily by bed rocks under those soils. Landslide and land-creep are slided into lower place by gravitation and slope degree factors. Therefore, prediction of landslide occurrence is very difficult because landslide is occurred abruptly, and physical properties of the soil have to be understood and checking the existence of bed rocks under the soils is not easy, on the other hand, land-creep is progressed very slowly. Therefore, it was suggested that in a degree creeping could be protected by removing of several causing factors.

산사태(山沙汰)와 땅밀림 발생(發生)의 직접적(直接的)인 원인(原因)은 연속강우량(連續降雨量)이라고 생각되며 산사태는 화강암과 화강편마암 지대에서 주로 발생하였고 땅밀림은 니암지대(泥岩地帶)에서 발생빈도가 높았다. 이들 모암(母岩)의 풍화토(風化土)에 대한 물리적(物理的) 성질(性質)이 산사태(山沙汰)와 땅밀림 발생(發生)에 영향(影響)을 주는 것으로 생각된다. 풍화토(風化土)의 토성(土性)과 고상(固狀), 함수율(含水率), 공극률(孔隙率), 밀도(密度)는 산사태 발생과 관계가 있었다. 화강암(花崗岩)과 화강편마암(花崗片麻岩)의 풍화토(風化土)는 토양단면(土壤斷面)의 상부(上部)에 모래함량이 많아 빗물이 쉽게 침투(浸透)할 수 있었고 하층부(下層部)에는 점토(粘土)와 미사토(微砂土)가 많아 침투수(浸透水)에 의해 포화(飽和)된 흙은 점착력(粘着力)과 전단저항력(剪斷抵抗力)이 작아져 쉽게 활동(滑動)하며 땅속에는 미풍화(未風化)된 암반층(岩盤層)이 있어 암반(岩盤)위의 흙은 쉽게 포화(飽和)되어 활동(滑動)이 쉬운 것으로 생각된다. 산사태(山沙汰)와 땅밀림은 중력(重力)에 의해서 아래로 활동(滑動)하므로 사면((斜面)의 경사도(傾斜度)가 산사태 발생에 크게 영향(影響)을 주었고 토양(土壤)의 고상(固狀)과 밀도(密度)는 지괴(地塊)의 중력(重力)과도 관계가 있을 것으로 생각된다. 산사태(山沙汰)는 돌발적(突發的)으로 발생(發生)하므로 예측이 매우 어렵고 풍화토(風化土)의 물리적(物理的) 성질(性質)과 토층(土層)아래 암반(岩盤)의 유무(有無)를 파악(把握)하므로 어느 정도 예측(豫測)이 가능할 것으로 생각되며 땅밀림은 서서히 진행(進行)되므로 발생원인(發生原因)을 제거(除去)함으로써 활동(滑動)을 어느 정도 저지(沮止)할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

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