Color Vision Based Close Leading Vehicle Tracking in Stop-and-Go Traffic Condition

저속주행환경에서 컬러비전 기반의 근거리 전방차량추적

  • 노광현 (고려대학교 대학원 산업공학과) ;
  • 한민홍 (고려대학교 산업공학과)
  • Published : 2000.09.01

Abstract

This paper describes a method of tracking a close leading vehicle by color image processing using the pairs of tail and brake lights. which emit red light and are housed on the rear of the vehicle in stop-and-go traffic condition. In the color image converted as an HSV color model. candidate regions of rear lights are identified using the color features of a pair of lights. Then. the pair of tailor brake lights are detected by means of the geometrical features and location features for the pattern of the tail and brake lights. The location of the leading vehicle can be estimated by the location of the detected lights and the vehicle can be tracked continuously. It is also possible to detect the braking status of the leading vehicle by measuring the change in HSV color components of the pair of lights detected. In the experiment. this method tracked a leading vehicle successfully from urban road images and was more useful at night than in the daylight. The KAV-Ill (Korea Autonomous Vehicle- Ill) equipped with a color vision system implementing this algorithm was able to follow a leading vehicle autonomously at speeds of up to 15km!h on a paved road at night. This method might be useful for developing an LSA (Low Speed Automation) system that can relieve driver's stress in the stop-and-go traffic conditions encountered on urban roads.

본 논문에서는 커러영상처리로 차량 후면에 위치하고 붉은색을 띄는 미등과 브레이크등을 이용하여 저속주행환경에서 근거리 전방차량을 추적하는 방법에 대해 설명한다. HSV 컬러모델로 변환된 컬러영상에서 미등과 브레이크등의 컬러특징을 이용하여 후보영역을 분할한 후, 미등과 브레이크등 패턴의 기하학적 특징과 위치적 특징을 이용하여 한 쌍의 미등 혹은 브레이크등을 탐지한다. 탐지된 등의 위치를 이용하여 전방차량의 위치를 측정하고 연속적으로 추적한다. 또한, 등 영역내의 HSV 컬러요소 변화를 측정하여 전방차량의 브레이크 사용여부를 판단한다. 도심지의 도로영상을 이용한 실험에서 성공적으로 근거리 전방차량을 추적할 수 있었으며, 주간보다 야간에서 효과적으로 적용될 수 있었다. 또한 본 알고리즘이 구현된 컬러비전시스템을 무인자동차 KAV-III(Korea Autonomous Vehicle-III)에 탑재하여 야간에 자동으로 전방차량을 15km/h의 속도로 따라갈 수 있는 결과를 얻었다. 이 방법은 도심지에서 가다서다를 반복하는 저속주행환경에서 차량 스스로 운전하여 운전자의 부담을 줄일 수 있는 LSA(Low Speed Automation)시스템 개발에 적용될 수 있을 것이다.

Keywords

References

  1. Pascal Daviet, Michel Parent, 'Longitudinal' and Lateral Servoing of Vehicles in a Platoon,' Proceedings of the IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, pp.41-46, 1996 https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.1996.566349
  2. Masahiro Mio, Akihide Tachibana, Keiji Aoki, Makoto Nishida, 'Platoon System Based on Optical Inter-Vehicle Communication,' The Second World Congress on Intelligent Transport Systems, pp. 1272-1277, 1995
  3. 이희만, '뉴럴네트워크를 이용한 무인전방차량추적방법,' 정보처리논문지, Vol.3, No.5, pp.1037- 1045, 1996
  4. U. Solder, V. Graefe, 'Object Detection in Real Time,' SPIE Symposium on Advances in Intelligent Systems, Vol.1388, pp.112-119, 1990
  5. T. Zielke, M. Brauckmann and W. von Seelen, 'Intensity and Edge-Based Symmetry Detection with an Application to Car-Following,' CVGlP : Image Understanding 58, pp.177-190, 1993 https://doi.org/10.1006/ciun.1993.1037
  6. A. Kuehnle, 'Symmetry-Based Recognition of Vehicle Rears,' Pattern Recognition Letters 12, pp. 249-258, 1991 https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-8655(91)90039-O
  7. J. -C. Burie and J. -G. Posraire, 'Enhancement of the Road Safety with a Stereovision System Based on Linear Cameras,' Proc.of Intelligent Vehicles 96, pp.147-152, 1994 https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.1996.566369
  8. Bertozzi, Massimo, Broggi and Alberto, 'Real-Time Lane and Obstacle Detection on the GOLD System,' Proc. of Intelligent Vehicles 96, pp.213-217, 1996 https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.1996.566380
  9. Yassine Ruich, Jack-Gerard Postaire, 'A New Neural Real-Time Implementation for Obstacle Detection using Linear Stereo Vision,' Real-Time Imaging, Vol.5, pp.141-153, 1999 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1077-2014(99)80011-4
  10. U. Franke, I Kutzbach, 'Fast Stereo based Object Detection for Stop&Go Traffic,' Proc. of IEEE Intelligent Vehicles 96, pp.339-344, 1996 https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.1996.566403
  11. A. Giachetti, M. Campani, R. Sanni and A. Succi, 'The Recovery of Optical Flow for Intelligent Cruise Control,' Proc. of Intelligent Vehicles 95, pp.91-96, 1994 https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.1994.639479
  12. W. Enkelmann, 'Obstacle Detection by Evaluation of optical Flow Fields from Image Sequences,' Proc. of First European Conference on Computer Vision, pp.134-138, 1990
  13. Betke, Maegrit, Haritaoglu, Esin, Davis, Larry, 'Multiple Vehicle Detection in Hard Real-Time,' Proc. of Intelligent Vehicles, pp.351-356, 1992 https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.1996.566405
  14. Gonzales, Woods, 'Digital Image Processing', Addison-Wesley, 1992