Morphotectectics of the Shackleton Fracture Zone around the Antarctic-Scotia plate boundary off the northern Antarctic Peninsula

남극반도 북부 남극-스코시아 판경계부에서의 셰클턴 파쇄대의 지형지체구조

  • Jin, Young-Keun (Polar Sciences Lab, Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute) ;
  • Kim, Yea-Dong (Polar Sciences Lab, Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute) ;
  • Nam, Sang-Heon (Polar Sciences Lab, Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute) ;
  • Kim, Kyu-Joong (Polar Sciences Lab, Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute)
  • Published : 20000900

Abstract

In the vicinity of the Antarctic-Scotia plate boundary off Elephant Island(EI), geophysical data(multichannel seismic and gravity data) reveal rapid structural variation of the Shackleton Fracture Zone(SFZ) along its strike. The SFZ ridge terminates in front of the Antarctic Peninsula margin, whereas the transform fault of the SFZ continues farther southeast near EI and the width of the SFZ broadens toward the southeast. Accordingly, the SFZ transform fault changes its morphology along its strike as (1) a graben structure along the high Shackleton ridge in Drake Passage, (2) a half-graben structure in oceanic crust just southeast of the Antarctic-Scotia plate boundary, and (3) splay faults deforming the margin of EI. Two phases of tectonic deformation are clearly observed along the transform fault. Major extensional deformation had formed a large-scale half-graben during roughly about $10{\sim}20$ Ma when Drake Passage had opened. And then, the Shackleton fault has been reactivated with reverse sense, which has been caused by recent convergence between Antarctic and Scotia plates due to westward movement of the Scotia plate since 6 Ma.

남극반도 엘리펀트섬 북부의 남극-스코시아판 경계부에서 획득한 지구물리 자료(탄성파, 중력자료)는 셰클턴 파쇄대를 따라 지각구조의 급격한 변화를 보여준다. 이들 자료에 의하면 셰클턴 파쇄대의 해저산맥은 남극반도 대륙주변부 앞에서 중단되지만, 파쇄대의 변환단층대는 엘리펀트섬 부근의 주변부까지 계속 연장되며 그 넓이도 확장되고 있음을 보여준다. 즉 셰클턴 파쇄대의 변환단층은 남동쪽으로 내려오면서 (1) 드레이크 해협에서는 지구(graben) 구조의 함몰대, (2) 파쇄대 산맥의 남쪽 끝, 삼중점 바로 남동쪽에서는 해양지각에 대규모 반지구(half-graben) 구조, (3) 남극반도 엘리펀트섬 북쪽 대륙사면을 심하게 변형시키는 단층군으로 그 형태를 변화한다. 셰클턴 파쇄대의 단층대를 따라 두 단계의 판구조 환경 변화가 진행되었다. 첫 번째 단계는 대규모 정단층운동에 의해 반지구구조와 같은 확장구조를 형성시킨 확장력 환경이다. 이 시기는 드레이크 해협의 확장이 진행되었던 중기 마이오신세(약 $10Ma{\sim}20Ma$ 사이)에 해당된 것으로 추정된다. 두 번째 단계는 셰클턴 단층을 역단층운동으로 재활성화 시킨 최근의 압축력 환경으로, 이는 최근 약 6Ma이후 진행된 스코시아판의 서향운동으로 인한 남극판과의 수렴작용에 의한 것이다.

Keywords

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