Proximate Composition and Sterol Content of 35 Species of Marine Invertebrates

35종 해산 무척추동물의 일반성분조성과 스테롤함량

Proximate composition, sterol and $\alpha$-tocopherol ($\alpha$-Toc) contents of 35 species of marine invertebrates (13 species of Bivalvia, 10 species of Gastropoda, 4 species of Cephalopoda, 4 species of Crustacea, 2 species of Ascidacea and 2 species of Holothuroidea), which caught off the coast of Tongyeong of the Southern sea (Nam-Hae), Korea, were determined. Protein content showed relatively high level in herbivorous (seaweed feeder) and carnivorous species such as Gastropoda ($17.2\pm4.30\%$), Crustacea ($16.8\pm4.06\%$) and Cephalopoda ($15.3\pm3.24\%$), but showed low in plankton feeder and mud swallow such as Bivalvia ($11.8\pm2.49\%$), Ascidacea ($8.20\pm1.00\%$) and Holothuroidea ($3.94\pm1.13\%$). Total lipid (TL) content was low in most marine invertebrates, ranged from $0.24\%$ (blue colored sea cucumbers) to $1.96\%$ (sea squirts). Ascidacea contained the largest amount of TL in all samples, while Holothuroidea contained the smallest amount of TL, and other classes contained about $1\%$ of TL. Carbohydrates was rich in plankton feeder and Herbivorous species (seaweed feeder) such as Ascidacea ($6.60\pm4.53\%$), Bivalvia ($3.15\pm1.82\%$) and Gastropoda ($3.02\pm1.61\%$), while poor in carnivorous species such as Crustacea ($0.52\pm0.57\%$) and Cephalopoda ($1.00\pm0.63\%$). Moisture content was highest in Holothuroidea ($92.0\pm1.94\%$) and the lowest in Gastropoda ($77.0\pm1.95\%$): There were negative correlations between moisture and protein content, or TL, between protein and TL content; y= -0.8716x+184.452 (r=-0.87, p<0.001), $y=128.52e^{-0.0601x}$ (r=-0.55, P<0.001), $y=6.3047e^{-0.0904x}$(r=-0.42, P<0.02), respectively. Sterol content was ranged from 56 mg/100 g edible portion of red colored sea cucumbers to 216 mg/100 g edible portion of cockle and was high in the following order; Cephalopoda (148 $\pm$30.0mg)>Bivalvia (121$\pm$35.0mg)>Gastropoda (118$\pm$20.0mg)>Crustacea (116$\pm$31.0mg)>Ascidacea (78.0$\pm$2.00 mg)>Holothuroidea(62.0$\pm$8.00 mg). Crustacea contained 1$\~$2 mg $\alpha$-Toc/100 g edible portion whereas other classes contained trace or less than 1 mg/100 g of edible portion.

통영 연안해역에서 채취된 35종의 해산무척추동물의 일반성분 조성과 sterol 및 $\alpha$-토코페롤함량을 정량하여 종별로 비교하였다. 단백질함량은 복족류 ($17.2\pm4.30\%$ ), 갑각류 ($16.8\pm4.06\%$), 두족류 ($15.3\pm3.24\%$) 등 초식성 및 육식성의 무척추동물에 비교적 많았고, 2매패류 ($11.8\pm2.49\%$), 멍게류 ($8.20\pm1.00\%$) 등 plank-ton 식성의 경우에 적었으며, 특히 해삼류 ($3.94\pm1.13\%$)와 같은 니식자 (mud swallow)에서는 아주 적었다. 총지질함량은 $0.24\%(청삼)\~1.96\%(멍게)$의 범위로 비교적 적었다. 탄수화물함량은 멍게류 ($6.60\pm4.53\%$ ), 2매패류 ($3.15\pm1.82\%$), 복족류 ($3.02\pm1.61\%$)에서 비교적 많았고, 두족류 ($1.00\pm0.63\%$)와 갑각류 ($0.52\pm0.57\%$)에서는 아주 적어 보통 어류의 경우와 유사하였다. 또한 수분함량은 해삼류 ($92.0\pm1.94\%$)에서 가장 많았고, 복족류 ($77.0\pm1.95\%$)에서 가장 적었으며, 나머지는 $80\~82\%$로서 대체로 유사하였다. 수분함량과 단백질함량 및 지질함량, 그리고 단백질함량과 지질함량 사이에는 각각 y= -0.8716x+184.452 (r=-0.87, p<0.001), $y=128.52e^{-0.0601x}$ (r=-0.55, P<0.001), $y=6.3047e^{-0.0904x}$(r=-0.42, P<0.02)으로서 모두 역의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 한편 sterol 함량은 (청삼 56mg/100g edible portion)에서 가장 적었고, 새조개 (216mg/100g)에서 가장 많았다. 동물그룹별로 보면 두족류 (148 $\pm$30.0mg) > 2매패 (121$\pm$35.0mg) > 복족류 (118$\pm$20.0mg) > 갑각류 (116$\pm$31.0mg) > 멍게류 (78.0$\pm$2.00 mg)> 해삼류 (62.0$\pm$8.00 mg)의 순으로 sterol 함량이 많았다. $\alpha$-토코페롤함량은 갑각류에서 1$\~$2 mg/100g를 함유하였으나, 나머지 무척추동물에서는 흔적 또는 1 mg/100g 이하였다.